Abeka 7th Grade Science - Quarter 3 Mid-Term

What are the two main differences between insects from the order Homoptera and Hemiptera?

- a homopteran rests its wings on its back in the shape of a tent - a hemipteran's wings overlap, forming an X on the bug's back -Although both orders have piercing-sucking mouthparts, those of the homopteran's are distinct from those of the hemipterans

Describe the stages of complete metamorphosis.

- egg - larva: worm-like growing stage - pupa: resting stage while body changes into an adult - adult: final stage; no more growth

List the location of each of an insect's three body regions.

- head: first region - thorax: second region - abdomen: hindmost region

Contrast the life cycles of honeybees to bumblebees.

-A honeybee colony can last for sever years, with a queen who lives for 5 to 10 years -A bumblebee colony lasts only one year, with all bees except the young queens dying each year and the young queens starting new colonies in the spring

Differentiate between the dragonfly and the damselfly.

-Dragonflies hold their wings horizontally when not in flight -Damselflies hold their wings upward and backward and their eyes are farther apart than a dragonfly's

four methods of snake locomotion

-lateral undulation -rectilinear movement -concertina movement -sidewinding movement

Discuss the major differences between the open system of circulation found in insects and the closed circulatory system found in vertebrates.

-open system of circulation: blood not restricted to blood vessels; no being; arteries open directly into the body cavities, bathing the organs in blood -closed system of circulation: blood restricted to blood vessels; the organs are supplied with blood by the smallest blood vessels (capillaries)

What are the primary jobs of the queen, drones and workers in a honeybee colony?

-queen: lays eggs -drones: fly with the queen so she can mate with one of them -workers: perform various specialized tasks

Three families of chimaeras

1. Short-nosed chimaeras (ratfish or rabbitfish) 2. Plow-nosed chimaeras (elephant fish) 3. Long-nosed chimaeras (spookfish)

What are the six major groups of orthopterans?

1. crickets 2. grasshoppers 3. katydids 4. locusts 5. mantises 6. cockroaches

List the five characteristics common to all arthropods.

1. exoskeleton made of chitin 2. jointed legs 3. segmented body 4. molting 5. open system of circulation

What are the four mouthparts of an insect?

1. labrum 2. labium 3. mandibles 4. maxillae

What are three types of social wasps?

1. paper wasp 2. hornet 3. yellow jacket

Explain four ways in which insects help man.

1. pollinating flowers 2. cleaning up the earth 3. providing food for other animals 4. eating other insects that may be harmful

What are the two substances of which exoskeletons are primarily made from?

1. protein 2. chitin

What is the order of insects that includes the horsefly?

Diptera

Suppose you found an insect with a stout body, prominent eyes that are set on either side of its head, and membranous forewings that overlap each other. Which order of insects should you classify this insect in?

Hemiptera

What is the largest lepidopteran?

Hercules moth

What is the order that includes the most common social insects?

Hymenoptera

scale

In a fish: a bony, overlapping plates that protrude from the skin In a reptile: a tough, keratinized skin fold

Who is the man considered the world's greatest entomologist?

Jean Henri Fabre

Why are termites not classified in order Hymenoptera?

Member of Hymenoptera undergo complete metamorphosis, but termites undergo incomplete metamorphosis

What is the order of insects that have chewing mouthparts with tooth-like projections?

Odonata

two divisions of the viper family

Old World vipers, pit vipers

Why are houseflies effective vectors of dysentery and typhoid fever?

Projections on the legs and sticky "hairs" on the feet of a housefly carry pathogens from waste, trash and decaying carcasses.

What is the major difference between simple eyes and compound eyes?

Simple eyes have only one lens; compound eyes have more than one lens.

How do social insects differ from other insects?

They live in large colonies instead of alone or in pairs

Why must arthropods molt?

They outgrow their exoskeletons and have to shed them.

Explain the mutualism between the yucca moth and the yucca plant.

Yucca plants can be pollinated only by yucca moths, and the young of yucca moths can develop only in yucca plants; neither would survive without the other

lateral line

a system of nerve endings that extend over the fish's head and sides, allowing the fish to sense vibration and pressure changes

ommatidium

an individual optical unit of a compound eye of an insect

denticle

any of a shark's placoid scales

myomere

any of the W-shaped bands that allow a fish to swim with wave-like motion and great efficiency

What percentage of known animal species are arthropods?

approximately 90%

fish

aquatic vertebrates possessing gills, fins, and scales

What group of carnivorous tropical ant species are known for traveling in long trains and not making permanents nests?

army ants

elytra

beetle's hard forewings

What is the common name for the largest order of insects?

beetles

Two main groups of fish

bony fish and cartilaginous fish

tracheae

breathing tubes that convey air to the cells

What is the group of butterflies that includes tortoiseshells and milkweed butterflies?

brush-footed butterflies

Jacobson's organ

cavity in the roof of a snake's mouth that detects scent molecules on the tongue

metamorphosis

changing an immature hatchling, which does not resemble its parents, into an adult, which looks like others of that species

Name the nocturnal insect that commonly invades human dwellings.

cockroach

reptile

cold-blooded vertebrates that have scales and breathe with lungs; class Reptilia

amphibian

cold-blooded, four-legged vertebrate that is mostly terrestrial but lives near water and spends an important part of its life cycle in it

chromatophore

color-containing cell located beneath the skin

the largest group of snakes

colubrids

tortoise

common term for a turtle that lives only on land and has elephant-like feet

What type of metamorphosis does the ladybug undergo?

complete metamorphosis

the four main groups of crocodilians

crocodiles alligators caimans gharials

ovipositor

egg-laying organ of some female insect species

spiracle

either of the paired holes behind the eyes of a shark or ray that are used for inhalation

roe

fish eggs

livebearer

fish that gives birth to live young

incomplete metamorphosis

form of metamorphosis in which an insect changes from egg to nymph to adult

the group of small, flat-bodied lizards that can cling to surfaces with their wide toe pads

geckos

the largest snake in the world

giant anaconda

the only lizard known to be venomous

gila monster, Mexican beaded lizard

three species responsible for most shark attacks on humans

great white shark bull shark tiger shark

operculum

hard, movable plate that protects and covers a fish gill

nymph

immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis; resembles the adult but has different body proportions and lacks wings

spectacle

immovable, transparent eye covering of a gecko

scute

individual "squares" of a turtle's shell

bug

insect with a unique type of piercing-sucking mouthparts; member of the order Hemiptera

What is the only group of invertebrates that can fly called?

insects

biological control

introducing natural enemies, parasites, or pathogens into an area to control insect pests

largest living lizard

komodo dragon

caterpillar

larva of a butterfly

photophore

light-producing organ found in some fish

fang

long hollow or grooved tooth used by a snake to inject venom into its victim

antivenin

medicine designed to counteract snake venom

Which insect carries malaria?

mosquito

two major types of snake venom

neurotoxic venom, hemotoxic venom

pit organ

organ that allows a pit viper to detect minute temperature changes

gill

organ that extracts oxygen from water

stridulatory organs

organs that function as the "musical instruments" of insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids

dewlap

ornamental throat fan of an iguanid

antennae

paired sensory organs ("feelers") located on the heads of insects

carapace

part of a turtle's shell that covers the back

venom

poisonous liquid that is produced by an animal and contains enzymes and chemicals that destroy portions of a body

gill filament

portion of a gill that extracts oxygen from the water

plastron

portion of a turtle's shell that covers its abdomen

mandible

side-to-side jaw of an insect

optic nerve

sight nerve, which transmits information from the eyes to the brain

gill slit

slits through which water which water that has passed over a fish's gills exits the body

amnion

special protective layer that surrounds a reptile egg

eyespot

spot of color that looks like a relatively large eye

anticoagulant

substance that delays or prevents clotting

milt

the sperm-containing fluid produced by male fish

group of two-legged carnivorous dinosaurs that includes Tyrannosaurus rex

theropods

What is the part of an insect's body where the wings are attached?

thorax

spriacles

tiny openings in an insect's abdomen through which air enters

sensilla

tiny, hair-like organs of an insect

regenerate

to grow back

proboscis

tubular sucking organ used by butterflies and moths for drinking nectar from flowers

the only reptiles with shells

turtles

maxillae

two smaller jaws that assist the mandibles

estivation

type of dormancy in which the mucous coating on an animal's skin hardens, protecting the animal from drying out in a period of drought

the largest known shark

whale shark