Abeka 8th Grade Science Quarter Exam/Test 3 (2019)

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A 1 cc sample of water has a mass of 1 g. A 5 cc sample of sylvite has a mass of 10 g. What is the specific gravity of the sylvite?

shale

A fine-grained sedimentary rock known for its ability to be split into thin layers

porous texture

A scientist has determined that a rock sample pumice based on the following characteristics: It is an igneous rock. It is amorphous It is made of quartz, feldspars, and mica, the same materials as granite. It has a porous texture that allows it to float in water. Which of these characteristics allowed him to tell that the rock sample was pumice instead of obsidian?

zircon, pyrite, chromite, anhydrite

A scientist testing sample of anhydrite, chromite, pyrite, and zircon to determine their hardness. He gets the following results: Zircon scratches chromite. Pyrite scratches chromite but not zircon. Anhydrite does not scratch either pyrite or zircon. He did not test any of the other combinations. Which of the following is the correct ranking of the minerals from hardest to softest?

record and analyze her data

Clara uses the scientific method to determine if dissolved sugar affects water's freezing point. She prepared two beakers with the same amount of water and added sugar to only one beaker. She placed a thermometer in each beaker, placed the beakers in a freezer, and observed the temperatures at which the water froze. What should she do next?

Sediments

Deposit of sand, mineral fragments, organic materials usually left by wind or water

Earth's interior

Earthquake waves can help us study what part of the earth?

Pyroclast

General term for any piece of solid volcanic ejecta

vinegar and baking soda react to form bubbles

George added a small amount of water to a sample of baking soda; then he added a small amount of vinegar to the second sample of baking soda. Bubbles formed when he added vinegar but did not form when he added water. What can he conclude?

chemical, dissolved in water (evaporative)

Gypsum rock forms when water containing dissolved minerals evaporates, leaving the minerals behind. What main category of sedimentary rock is gypsum in?

proposition

In logic, a statement of fact is called...

inductive reasoning

Lacey performed several experiments to test how temperature affects the growth rate of artificial crystals. Based on her results, she came to the conclusion that crystals grow faster in warmer temperatures. This is an example of...

volcanic blocks

Large pieces of solid volcanic ejecta that solidify before being ejected from the volcano

oxides

Magnetite is a magnetic mineral that is used as a source of the metal iron. It is composed of iron bounded to oxygen, is black in color, and has cubic crystals. What mineral group contains magnetite?

retreat mining

Mining which involves miners removing pillars in a specific order to allow the least stress on the walls and ceiling of the mine

Phosphorus

Nutrients that plants need for cell division, growth, and maturity

plants would grow slower because of insufficient nitrogen

Predict what would happen if too many denitrifying bacteria were present in the soil.

Syncline

Rock that bends downwards during the folding process to form a trough-like structure

clearly state the problem to be solved

Sarah wants to grow cherry plant seeds. The instructions on the seed packet say to place the seeds in water and leave them in a dark place for 24 hours. However, Sarah's house does not have a completely dark place. Sarah decides to design a way to begin growing the seeds. What should she do first?

Aftershocks

Smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake.

Humus

Soil substance composed of decayed organisms' particles

P wave

The fastest type of earthquake wave

experimental group

The group in an experiment in which the test is performed

Mohs

The hardness scale of a minerals rated from softest the hardest on a scale of 1 to 10

Law of super position

The idea that undisturbed sedimentary strata lie in the order they were laid down in

post hoc fallacy

The logic error in which someone assumes a change in one factor caused the change in another factor only because the second change occurred after the first

Platinum

The most valuable precious metal?

Ring of Fire

The narrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles of pacific basin

Epicenter

The point on the earth's surface above where an earthquake begins

bedrock

The solid layer of rock beneath the soil

Luster

The way a mineral reflects light from its surface

Pahoehoe

Volcano ejecta is lava harden to form either a smooth surface or a ropy surface

foliated rocks

a group of metamorphic rocks that are made up of layers like the leaves of a book

phosphorescence

a mineral that remains glowing after being exposed to ultraviolet light and then placed in the dark exhibit

simulant gemstones

artificial gemstone looks like a natural gemstone but has different chemical and physical properties

moment magnitude scale

considered to be the most reliable method for mathematically measuring an earthquake's strength

affirming the antecedent

deductive reasoning that saying the second must be true if the first statement is true. "The process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces is weathering. Ice wedging breaks rocks into smaller pieces, therefore, it must be weathering."

circum-Pacific

earthquake zone that includes the San Andreas Fault

shaping

final step of metallurgy

igneous intrusion

general term for a mass of volcanic rock beneath the surface

nutrient

general term for any nourishing substance

emerald

green form of beryl

basic

if soil were a pH value of 8, would it be considered basic or acidic?

base-isolated system

in which technique of earthquake-resistant construction is the building on movable "stilts"

silver

is made of mostly reflective materials

silicates

large group of minerals which contain silicon and oxygen

aquifer

lay of either pourous rock or a gravel-soil mixture that can hold water

streak

line of powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against unglazed porcelain

laccolith

magma bulging overlying rocks upward to produce a dome like intrusion

lead

metal used in radiation shielding, automobile batteries, and small-arms ammunition

three (3)

minimum number of seismometers that must detect an earthquake for the earthquake's exact location to be determined

prototype

model of design used for testing

coal

organic sedimentary rock that is a fossil fuel

hydrothermal synthesis

process of manufacturing artificial crystals which involves a seed crystal and a nutrient material in a high-pressure vessel

copper

reddish-orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity

iron

refined using blast furnances

Igneous

rock formed from cooled magma or lava

conglomerate rock

rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay

crust

rocky surface layer of the earth

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

scale used to measure the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption

marble

streaked metamorphic rock produced from limestone

halides

the group of minerals containing flourine, chlorine, bromine, of iodine

basalt

the most common igneous

Asthenosphere

the plastic rock in the lower portion of the upper mantel on which plates float

rate of cooling

the primary factor that determine the texture of igneous rocks

precious stones

the rarest, most durable and beautiful minerals

ruby

the red variety of corundum

vent

the structure ejects solid materials from a volcano

strike-slip fault

the type of fault where rocks along one side move horizontally along the fault

groundwater

the water that is beneath Earth's surface

chalk limestone

type of limestone formed from calcium-containing plankton remains

contact metamorphism

type of metamorphism that results when rocks are baked by contact with hot magma

volcanic mountain

type of mountain formed when molten rock erupted from a hole in the earth's crust

sedimentary rock

type of rock that is formed when layers of small particles laid down by water are hardened into rock

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

type of soil bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds

shield volcano

type of volcano is broad and gently sloping with mild eruptions

controlled

what type of variable in an experiment is the one that is the same in all groups

extinct

what type of volcano that will likely never erupt again

reproducibility

when multiple scientists test the same scientific idea in the different ways and all come to the same conclusion, that idea is said to have