Learning how to learn
How much highlighting (if you highlight) is best?
< 1 sentence per paragraph
overlearning
A strategy whereby the learner continues to study and rehearse the material after it has been initially brought to mastery.
Spaced repetition" is good because it
Builds stronger neural structures by repeating them over a number of days
What is the third step to chunking?
Gaining context - how the chunk fits in - practice
When opening a text book what would you do first?
Glance at the pictures, charts, and section headings to get an idea of what you will learn.
Damage to the hippocampus and its inputs, as with the patient HM, leads to:
Inability to store new long-term memories
Law of Serendipity
Lady Luck favors the one who tries.
reconsolidation
Memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again
Einstellung
Mental set, in which people use a familiar strategy even when there is a simpler alternative or the problem cannot be solved using it.
Astrocytes are brain cells that
Provide nutrients to neurons Maintain extracullular (outside the cell) ion balance Are involved in repair after injury Have a role in learning
imposter syndrome
The belief that individuals somehow have fooled those around them into thinking that they are deserving of recognition, respect, and acceptance.
Which one of the following learning practices might help prevent getting bogged down by petty details before you begin to see the bigger picture?
Try taking a "picture walk" through the material to gain big picture context before diving into the details.
spaced repetition
When students revisit material several times over a number of days, rather than trying to learn it all in one attempt.
best describes the immediate impact of an act of procrastination on your brain.
When you procrastinate, you feel better--but only temporarily. In this, procrastination shares common features with addiction.
Deliberate practice
activities designed to improve current levels of performance, requiring much effort and not necessarily enjoyable
what is The type of thinking you need to do when you are trying to understand something new.
diffused thinking
What is the first step to chunking?
focus on your subject
Acetylcholine affects
focused learning and attention
what is the type of intense concentration you need to work through a problem, step-by-step.
focused thinking
Dopamine signals
in relation to unexpected rewards
One concern about using worked-out examples to help you in starting to form chunks is that
it can be all too easy to focus too much on why an individual step works and not on the connection between steps—that is, on why this particular step is the next thing you should do.
What is a powerful technique for learning?
metaphors/analogies
illusion of competence
people often believe that they will perform better than they actually do
default mode network
resting state network that has increased activity at rest, but decreased when engaged in activity
Serotonin affects
social life and risk taking behavior
Of all of the test taking methods discussed, which one are you most likely to use the next time you are taking a test?
start hard, jump to easy
What is the second step to chunking?
test yourself
Chunks can help you understand new concepts through a process called ___________.
transfer
Interleaving studies
work on small amounts of different things in a study session