Learning how to learn

How much highlighting (if you highlight) is best?

< 1 sentence per paragraph

overlearning

A strategy whereby the learner continues to study and rehearse the material after it has been initially brought to mastery.

Spaced repetition" is good because it

Builds stronger neural structures by repeating them over a number of days

What is the third step to chunking?

Gaining context - how the chunk fits in - practice

When opening a text book what would you do first?

Glance at the pictures, charts, and section headings to get an idea of what you will learn.

Damage to the hippocampus and its inputs, as with the patient HM, leads to:

Inability to store new long-term memories

Law of Serendipity

Lady Luck favors the one who tries.

reconsolidation

Memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, requiring them to become consolidated again

Einstellung

Mental set, in which people use a familiar strategy even when there is a simpler alternative or the problem cannot be solved using it.

Astrocytes are brain cells that

Provide nutrients to neurons Maintain extracullular (outside the cell) ion balance Are involved in repair after injury Have a role in learning

imposter syndrome

The belief that individuals somehow have fooled those around them into thinking that they are deserving of recognition, respect, and acceptance.

Which one of the following learning practices might help prevent getting bogged down by petty details before you begin to see the bigger picture?

Try taking a "picture walk" through the material to gain big picture context before diving into the details.

spaced repetition

When students revisit material several times over a number of days, rather than trying to learn it all in one attempt.

best describes the immediate impact of an act of procrastination on your brain.

When you procrastinate, you feel better--but only temporarily. In this, procrastination shares common features with addiction.

Deliberate practice

activities designed to improve current levels of performance, requiring much effort and not necessarily enjoyable

what is The type of thinking you need to do when you are trying to understand something new.

diffused thinking

What is the first step to chunking?

focus on your subject

Acetylcholine affects

focused learning and attention

what is the type of intense concentration you need to work through a problem, step-by-step.

focused thinking

Dopamine signals

in relation to unexpected rewards

One concern about using worked-out examples to help you in starting to form chunks is that

it can be all too easy to focus too much on why an individual step works and not on the connection between steps—that is, on why this particular step is the next thing you should do.

What is a powerful technique for learning?

metaphors/analogies

illusion of competence

people often believe that they will perform better than they actually do

default mode network

resting state network that has increased activity at rest, but decreased when engaged in activity

Serotonin affects

social life and risk taking behavior

Of all of the test taking methods discussed, which one are you most likely to use the next time you are taking a test?

start hard, jump to easy

What is the second step to chunking?

test yourself

Chunks can help you understand new concepts through a process called ___________.

transfer

Interleaving studies

work on small amounts of different things in a study session