abnormal psych ch. 4
Bradycardia can result from vasovagal syncope, or a fear of needles, blood, or physical injury. What is bradycardia?
A slower than normal heart rate
Which of the following therapies is an example of cognitive-behavioral treatment?
A therapist asks a person afraid of crowds to go to a theater and reflect on any negative thoughts that occur. Then, the person is asked to generate some alternative positive thoughts to counteract the negative thoughts.
Behavioral inhibition is identifiable in children by age
4 months
anxiety disorders
group of disorders characterized by heightened physical arousal, cognitive/subjective distress, and behavioral avoidance of feared objects/situations/events
Laura was on a family vacation in Bermuda when a hurricane struck the island. They evacuated their beachfront hotel room and moved to the inner corridor on the fifth floor. They stayed there for two days in the dark as the storm ravaged the island. It took several days for them to book a flight out after the weather had cleared. When the family decided to travel to the Dominican Republic several months later, Laura refused to go, fearing that a hurricane would strike. Laura may have a _______, which makes her more vulnerable for developing a disorder
high degree of anxiety-proneness
The __________ is responsible for recognizing threatening situations and coordinating appropriate responses.
hypothalamus
Donna, a 15-year old, is most likely to experience distress
initiating/maintaining conversations
specific phobia
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that leads to significant disruption in daily functions
Janie lives in Kansas and refused to purchase a house without a basement when she moved there from Illinois. . Every night, she sleeps with a weather radio beside her bed as well as jeans folded over her tennis shoes in case the warning sirens go off. Janie is most likely exhibiting ___________ phobia.
natural environment
Which of the following panic disorders is the most common?
panic disorder without agoraphobia
When she is 13 years old, Karen is most likely to be afraid of which of the following items?
personal injury
If Jared is suffering from GAD, which of the following treatments might be tried first?
relaxation training
Which of the following is a common obsession?
repetitive counting
Which of the following would be characteristic of trichotillomania?
repetitive hair pulling
trichotillomania
repetitive hair pulling that results in noticeable hair loss
What type of disorder was football star Ricky Williams suffering from when he would give interviews with his helmet on or shy away from fans, causing many to describe him as aloof or weird?
social anxiety disorder
While hiking in the forest, Paul came upon a bear hunting along the river. Paul knows the best thing to do is to remain quiet and back away very slowly, but his body is suddenly primed to run away at full speed. The _________ system is activated when Paul first encounters the bear.
sympathetic nervous
When heart rate is monitored during tests, ________,despite the fact that girls report more fears than boys The latter reflects the influence of ___________
test-anxious boys and girls show equal increases; social acceptability
When heart rate is monitored during tests, ________,despite the fact that girls report more fears than boys The latter reflects the influence of ___________.
test-anxious boys and girls show equal increases; social acceptability
worry
the apprehensive (negative) expectations or outcomes about the future of the past that are considered t be unreasonable in light of the actual situation
exposure
the crucial ingredient in behavior therapy in which a person learns to overcome fears by actual or imagined contact with the feared object or event
PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)
the emotional distress that occurs after an event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or a threat to physical integrity and that leads to avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, feelings of emotional numbness, and persistent symptoms of increased sympathetic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
the excessive worry about future events, past transgressions, financial status, and the health of oneself and loved ones
In investigating potential racial/ethnic differences for the incidence of PTSD following Hurricane Hugo in 1989, researchers found
the incidence of PTSD was the same for African American and non-African American children, when demographic and proximity factors were controlled
sympathetic nervous system
the part of the autonomic nervous system that activated the body for the fight-or-flight response
parasympathetic nervous system
the part of the autonomic nervous system that counteracts the effects of system activation by slowing down heart rate and respiration, returning the body to a resting state
heritability
the percentage of variance in liability to the disorder accounted for by genetic factors
separation anxiety disorder
the severe and unreasonable fear of separation from a parent or a caregiver
Which of the following statements correctly defines the term anxiety?
Anxiety is a common emotion characterized by physical symptoms and thoughts or worries that something bad will happen.
Which of the following symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known as numbing?
As Connor watches the 4th of July celebration, he does not feel joy, sadness or even surprise
Based upon 30 years of study, compelling empirical evidence indicates that the most efficacious treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is ________ therapy.
BT and CBT
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes an expected panic attack?
Barb is afraid of heights. She is interviewing for a new position, and the company's offices are on the 64th floor with large, panoramic windows. When the time comes for her to step out of the elevator on to the 64th floor, she has a panic attack.
In ________, gamma knife surgery makes precise lesions in the brain tissue without the need for opening the skull.
Capsulotomy
Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is FALSE?
Children with social anxiety disorder show anxiety only when interacting with unfamiliar adults
Which of the following individuals is most likely to recover first, given proper treatment?
Taryn, a 27-year old diagnosed with major depression
Which of the following symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known as re-experiencing?
During a 4th of July celebration, Connor suddenly feels as if he is back in Baghdad on the night enemy RPGs hit his army tank convoy.
Which of the following statement about neuroanatomy and anxiety disorders is TRUE?
Gamma aminobutryic acid (GABA) inhibits postsynaptic activity, and reducing this activity inhibits anxious emotion.
Research focusing on a substance called corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) reveals which of the following in relation to the development of anxiety disorders?
Heightened and persistent CRF activity in the hypothalamus and the amygdala suggest that early life experiences such as loss, separation, or abuse may change brain activity, making that person more vulnerable to developing emotional disorders.
________ is/are characteristic(s) of emotions such as anxiety and fear
Heightened physical arousal, cognitive/subjective distress, and behavioral avoidance
Which of the following statements about interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is FALSE?
IPT is currently recommended as the primary treatment for anxiety disorders
Which of the following details an information transfer theory of fear acquisition?
Justin learned to be afraid of tornadoes because his father told him they could destroy buildings and hurt people
Which of the following details a conditioning theory of fear acquisition?
Justin most likely developed his fear of tornadoes by watching his mother prepare for severe weather by checking the emergency kit, frequently searching the sky, and heading to the basement during severe thunderstorms even though the rest of the family remained upstairs.
Which of the following individuals most likely has a specific phobia?
Mike, the passenger who was supposed to be in seat 14C, but could not board the plane because he was worried that it was not fit to fly
which of the following individuals most likely has a specific phobia?
Mike, the passenger who was supposed to be in seat 14C, but could not board the plane because he was worried that it was not fit to fly
All of the following statements about separation anxiety disorder are true EXCEPT
One study showed a clear relation between separation anxiety disorder and the development of panic disorder in adolescents.
______________ are least likely to experience worry, a fact that reflects __________________
Preadolescent children; cognitive immaturity
______________ are least likely to experience worry, a fact that reflects __________________.
Preadolescent children; cognitive immaturity
A patient with panic disorder without agoraphobia is most likely to be treated with
Prozac
_________ treatment for anxiety disorders uses free association and dream interpretation.
Psychodynamic
Which of the following scenarios correctly describes an unexpected panic attack?
While heading to work, Barb suddenly begins to feel faint and overheated while her respirations and heart rate increase. She thinks she is having a stroke and heads to the hospital, but the doctors there conclude she experienced a panic attack
Which of the following conclusions can be made about the etiology of anxiety disorders?
Regarding biochemical theories, strong evidence suggests serotonin plays a role in regulating emotion
Which of the following is a concern about the use of SSRIs?
SSRIs may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts
_______ is associated with more severe anxiety, an earlier age of onset, and a more frequent history of childhood shyness.
Social anxiety disorder
Which of the following statements about OCD is TRUE?
Some data suggest a lower prevalence among African Americans than white Americans
Which of the following statements about PTSD among children in the United States is TRUE?
The prevalence of PTSD is unknown because there are no controlled community investigations
anxiety
a common emotion characterized by physical symptoms, future-oriented thoughts, and escaped or avoidance behaviors
vasovagal syncope
a common physiological response consisting of slow heart and low blood pressure that sometimes occurs in people with blood/illness/injury phobias
OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)
a condition involving obsessions (intrusive thoughts), often combined with compulsions (repetitive behavior) that can be extensive, time consuming, and distressful
panic attack
a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort and a cascade of physical symptoms
hoarding disorder
a disorder characterized by the persistent difficulty discarding or parting with obsessions, regardless of their actual value
panic disorder
a disorder in which the person has had at least one panic attack and worried about having more attacks
agoraphobia
a fear of being in public places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if a panic attack occurs
fight or flight
a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system activated by stress or fear that includes accelerated heart rate, enhanced muscle activity, and increased respiration
SSRI ( selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
a group of medications that selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic neuronal membrane, restoring the normal chemical balance; drugs thought to correct serotonin imbalance by increasing the time that the neurotransmitter remains in the synapse
trait anxiety
a personality trait that exists along a dimension; those individuals high on this dimension are more "reactive" to stressful events and therefore more likely, given the right circumstances, to develop a disorder; also called anxiety proneness
social anxiety disorder
a persuasive pattern of social timidity characterized by fear that the person will behave in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing
excoriation (skin picking) disorder
a recurrent skin-picking resulting in skin lesions
behavioral inhibition
a temperamental feature characterized by withdrawal from (or failure to approach) novel people, objects, or situations
body dysmorphic disorder
an overwhelming concern that some part of the body is ugly or misshapen
When she is 4 years old, Karen is most likely to be afraid of which of the following?
being alone
Darien faints every time he gets an injection or must have blood drawn. He most likely suffers from
blood-injury-illness phobia and vasovagal syncope
Patients with __________ do not respond well to exposure therapy
combat-related PTSD
Anxiety is a ________ response
future-oriented
Steve, a 42-year old, may experience different levels of distress in different social situations. For example, he is most likely to feel anxious while ________, whereas _______ is the least likely to make him anxious.
giving oral presentations; writing in the presence of others
Based on currently available data, ________ appear to be inherited
different degrees of trait anxiety