ch 6 p2

keratinization

The process by which cells form fibrils of keratin and harden begins in granulosum

periderm

The protective coat that replaces the epidermis in plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium.

third degree burn

a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

Mesenchyme

embryonic connective tissue

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

fibrosis regeneration

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

merocrine

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine; apocrine

sebacous glands

oil glands

apocrine sweat glands

produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

prolonged exposure o sun

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

protects the body provides thermal insulation acts as an energy reservoir

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

scar

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

thermoregulation

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are

thickness colorations skin markings.

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

transpiration

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

true

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between

0.4-0.6 mm thick

arrector pili muscle

An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal______ in the epidermis and the relative______of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

-strata -thickness

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

-sweat ducts -hair follicles

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

merocrine (eccrine)

-secretion released by exocytosis -sweat glands, gastric glands, lacrimal glands, pancreatic glands

In the development of embryonic skin, the_____ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _____ gives rise to the dermis.

-basal -mesenchyme

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

-deep -collagen fibers

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

-epidermis -redness

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about____ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional____ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about____month following their formation.

2, 2, 1

In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

second degree burn

A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn.

first degree burn

A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues.

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

Sudoriferous

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

benign

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

vernix caseosa

cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus