Ch. 1-3 Study Guide
hacker
A person who explores computer science to gain knowledge.
Common flavors
____ of UNIX today include Oracle's Solaris (Sun Microsystems' Solaris), Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, IBM's AIX, as well as Apple's Macintosh OS X and iOS operating systems.
options
______ are specific letters that start with a dash "-" and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works.
/home
Default location for user home directories, 200 MB per user.
device driver
tells the operating system how to use that specific device.
TABLE 2-7 Common BASH shell metacharacters
$ Shell variable ~ Special home directory variable & Background command execution ; Command termination < << > >> Input/Output redirection | Command piping * ? [ ] Shell wildcards ' " \ Metacharacter quotes ' Command substitution ( ) { } Command grouping
CHART (Terminal Change)
* tty1 (:0) Ctrl +Alt +F1 graphical * tty2 Ctrl +Alt +F2 command-line * tty3 Ctrl +Alt +F3 command-line * tty4 Ctrl +Alt +F4 command-line * tty5 Ctrl +Alt +F5 command-line * tty6 Ctrl +Alt +F6 command-line
TABLE 2-8 Manual page section numbers
1 Commands that any user can execute 2 Linux system calls 3 Library routines 4 Special device files 5 File formats 6 Games 7 Miscellaneous 8 Commands that only the root user can execute 9 Linux kernel routines n New commands not categorized yet
1991
A Finnish student named Linux Torvalds first developed Linux in ____ when he was experimenting with improving MINIX (Mini-UNIX, a small educational version of UNIX developed by Andrew Tannenbaum) for the Intel x86 platform.
tarball
A compressed archive of files containing scripts that install Linux software to the correct locations on a computer system.
proxy server
A server or hardware device that requests Internet resources on behalf of other computers.
DVD media
Although installing from ____ that contain the appropriate packages is the most common method, many different Linux installation methods are available.
preinstallation checklist w/ HCL (hardware compatibility list)
Although some operating systems such as Linux support a wider variety of hardware components than other operating systems, each individual hardware component in your computer should be checked against the _________ readily found on the vendor's Web site.
tab
An alternate method for saving time when typing pathnames as arguments to commands is to use the [Tab-completion feature] of the BASH shell. To do this, type enough unique letters of a directory and press the ___ to allow the BASH shell to find the intended file or directory being specified and fill in the appropriate information.
Emacs (CroS) editor
An alternate to the vi editor that offers an equal set to functionality.
virtual memory
An area on a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.
freeware
Another type of closed source software is _____, in which the software program is distributed free of charge, yet the source code is unavailable.
Ctrl+g
Displays current line statistics
Gedit editor
If you are using a GUI environment, you can instead use the ______ to quickly edit text files.
tail command
Just as the head command displays the beginning of text files, the _____ can be used to display the end of text files.
GNU General Public License
Linux adheres to the _________, which was developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
Know how to identify Kernel Versions
Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components: - Major number (major revision to the Linux kernel) - Minor number (minor revision and stability " ") - Revision number (most current changes to the version of the particular kernel that is being released) EX: 3.15.9 3 = major # 15 = minor # 9 = revision #
-F
Lists filenames classified by the file type.
Supercomputers
Many companies and institutions use computers to perform extraordinarily large calculations for which most computers would be unsuitable.
*
Matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character- Common
{ }
Matches a specific number or range of the previous character- Extended
text files
Most files on a Linux system that contain configuration information are ____
Stability and Security
OSS is developed by those people who have a use for it
Red Hat Linux
One of the earliest Linux distributions, and one that is commonly used within organizations today.
~ metacharacter
Regardless of your user name, you can always refer to your own home directory using the ______
/usr
System commands and utilities *depends on the packages installed- typically 20 GB or more.
@
The _ symbol indicates a linked file
ext2 filesystem
The __________ is the traditional filesystem, and the Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT) filesystem is compatible with the FAT and FAT32 filesystems in Windows
OSS operating system
The fact that Linux is an _______ means that software developers can read other developers' source code, modify that source code to make the software better, and redistribute that source code to other developers who might improve it further.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Services
The most common and efficient method for transferring files over the Internet.
BASH shell (Bourne Again Shell)
The shell that is used by default in Linux is the ______ which is an improved version of the Bourne shell from AT&T and the shell that is used throughout this book
Newsgroup
This functionality is provided by a news server, which allows users to post messages in forums called _____ and allows other users to read and reply to those messages.
Know what [cd../..] does
To change directories, you can issue the cd (change directory) command with an argument specifying the destination directory. ** root (/) of the system. **To refer to a directory one step closer to the root of the tree (also known as a parent directory), simply use two dots (..)
pwd (print working directory) command
To confirm the system directory that you are currently in, simply observe the name at the end of the shell prompt or run the _______ at a command-line prompt.
cat command
To view an entire text file on the terminal screen (a referred to as concatenation), you can use the _____
Linux
an operating system whose kernel and associated software packages are freely developed and improved upon by a large community of software developers in collaboration. it is based on the UNIX operating system and has roots in the hacker culture perpetuated by the Free Software Foundation.
largest cost
the _____ associated with Linux are the costs associated with hiring people to maintain the Linux system.
What two accounts do you need to configure?
the administrator account (root) regular user account
Is -l
the ls __ command can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a certain directory.
shell
which accepts input from the user and passes this input to the kernel for processing.
Linux Documentation Project (LDP)
which has several hundred Web sites worldwide that allow you to search or download HOWTO documents.
X Windows
The core component of the GUI in Linux is referred to as _____.
primary partitions
There are limits to the number and types of partitions into which a hard disk or SSD can be divided. By default, you can create a maximum of four major partitions called _______________.