Ch. 1-3 Study Guide

hacker

A person who explores computer science to gain knowledge.

Common flavors

____ of UNIX today include Oracle's Solaris (Sun Microsystems' Solaris), Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, IBM's AIX, as well as Apple's Macintosh OS X and iOS operating systems.

options

______ are specific letters that start with a dash "-" and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works.

/home

Default location for user home directories, 200 MB per user.

device driver

tells the operating system how to use that specific device.

TABLE 2-7 Common BASH shell metacharacters

$ Shell variable ~ Special home directory variable & Background command execution ; Command termination < << > >> Input/Output redirection | Command piping * ? [ ] Shell wildcards ' " \ Metacharacter quotes ' Command substitution ( ) { } Command grouping

CHART (Terminal Change)

* tty1 (:0) Ctrl +Alt +F1 graphical * tty2 Ctrl +Alt +F2 command-line * tty3 Ctrl +Alt +F3 command-line * tty4 Ctrl +Alt +F4 command-line * tty5 Ctrl +Alt +F5 command-line * tty6 Ctrl +Alt +F6 command-line

TABLE 2-8 Manual page section numbers

1 Commands that any user can execute 2 Linux system calls 3 Library routines 4 Special device files 5 File formats 6 Games 7 Miscellaneous 8 Commands that only the root user can execute 9 Linux kernel routines n New commands not categorized yet

1991

A Finnish student named Linux Torvalds first developed Linux in ____ when he was experimenting with improving MINIX (Mini-UNIX, a small educational version of UNIX developed by Andrew Tannenbaum) for the Intel x86 platform.

tarball

A compressed archive of files containing scripts that install Linux software to the correct locations on a computer system.

proxy server

A server or hardware device that requests Internet resources on behalf of other computers.

DVD media

Although installing from ____ that contain the appropriate packages is the most common method, many different Linux installation methods are available.

preinstallation checklist w/ HCL (hardware compatibility list)

Although some operating systems such as Linux support a wider variety of hardware components than other operating systems, each individual hardware component in your computer should be checked against the _________ readily found on the vendor's Web site.

tab

An alternate method for saving time when typing pathnames as arguments to commands is to use the [Tab-completion feature] of the BASH shell. To do this, type enough unique letters of a directory and press the ___ to allow the BASH shell to find the intended file or directory being specified and fill in the appropriate information.

Emacs (CroS) editor

An alternate to the vi editor that offers an equal set to functionality.

virtual memory

An area on a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.

freeware

Another type of closed source software is _____, in which the software program is distributed free of charge, yet the source code is unavailable.

Ctrl+g

Displays current line statistics

Gedit editor

If you are using a GUI environment, you can instead use the ______ to quickly edit text files.

tail command

Just as the head command displays the beginning of text files, the _____ can be used to display the end of text files.

GNU General Public License

Linux adheres to the _________, which was developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).

Know how to identify Kernel Versions

Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components: - Major number (major revision to the Linux kernel) - Minor number (minor revision and stability " ") - Revision number (most current changes to the version of the particular kernel that is being released) EX: 3.15.9 3 = major # 15 = minor # 9 = revision #

-F

Lists filenames classified by the file type.

Supercomputers

Many companies and institutions use computers to perform extraordinarily large calculations for which most computers would be unsuitable.

*

Matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character- Common

{ }

Matches a specific number or range of the previous character- Extended

text files

Most files on a Linux system that contain configuration information are ____

Stability and Security

OSS is developed by those people who have a use for it

Red Hat Linux

One of the earliest Linux distributions, and one that is commonly used within organizations today.

~ metacharacter

Regardless of your user name, you can always refer to your own home directory using the ______

/usr

System commands and utilities *depends on the packages installed- typically 20 GB or more.

@

The _ symbol indicates a linked file

ext2 filesystem

The __________ is the traditional filesystem, and the Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT) filesystem is compatible with the FAT and FAT32 filesystems in Windows

OSS operating system

The fact that Linux is an _______ means that software developers can read other developers' source code, modify that source code to make the software better, and redistribute that source code to other developers who might improve it further.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Services

The most common and efficient method for transferring files over the Internet.

BASH shell (Bourne Again Shell)

The shell that is used by default in Linux is the ______ which is an improved version of the Bourne shell from AT&T and the shell that is used throughout this book

Newsgroup

This functionality is provided by a news server, which allows users to post messages in forums called _____ and allows other users to read and reply to those messages.

Know what [cd../..] does

To change directories, you can issue the cd (change directory) command with an argument specifying the destination directory. ** root (/) of the system. **To refer to a directory one step closer to the root of the tree (also known as a parent directory), simply use two dots (..)

pwd (print working directory) command

To confirm the system directory that you are currently in, simply observe the name at the end of the shell prompt or run the _______ at a command-line prompt.

cat command

To view an entire text file on the terminal screen (a referred to as concatenation), you can use the _____

Linux

an operating system whose kernel and associated software packages are freely developed and improved upon by a large community of software developers in collaboration. it is based on the UNIX operating system and has roots in the hacker culture perpetuated by the Free Software Foundation.

largest cost

the _____ associated with Linux are the costs associated with hiring people to maintain the Linux system.

What two accounts do you need to configure?

the administrator account (root) regular user account

Is -l

the ls __ command can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a certain directory.

shell

which accepts input from the user and passes this input to the kernel for processing.

Linux Documentation Project (LDP)

which has several hundred Web sites worldwide that allow you to search or download HOWTO documents.

X Windows

The core component of the GUI in Linux is referred to as _____.

primary partitions

There are limits to the number and types of partitions into which a hard disk or SSD can be divided. By default, you can create a maximum of four major partitions called _______________.