Quiz Questions 9-12

A form of raw data that may be collected in case study research is A)Excel data B)Informed consent forms C)Audio or video recordings D)IRB documentation

C)Audio or video recordings

Coding A)organizes field notes and memos. B)is used when developing diagrams to visually and accurately represent the research findings. C)helps organize concepts and develop categories D)is important in triangulating research results.

C)helps organize concepts and develop categories

The narrative researcher relies heavily on language because A)Language describes reality B)Language creates reality C)It is transparent medium D)All of the above E)a & c only

D)All of the above

A retelling of the story with organization around themes is known as A)Story B)Narrative C)Plot D)Restorying

D)Restorying

A combination of feelings, thoughts and self-awareness experienced by an individual at any given moment is known as A)Epoche B)Bracketing C)Essence D)Life-world

D)Life-world

Concepts integral to Symbolic Interactionism include A)Reality is a constructed phenomenon B)Reality is based on symbols C)People are dynamic, resourceful, and reflective in nature D)Roles and the concept of self is socially constructed

A)Reality is a constructed phenomenon

When the gathering or addition of new data fails to stimulate additional insights, the researcher is experiencing A)Saturation B)Redundancy C)Sorting D)Assimilation

A)Saturation

The role of the literature review in narrative research is often discussed among researchers because A)The literature review plays a small role in narrative research B)It is the most critical element in setting the foundation for narrative research C)Narrative research is the only form of qualitative research where the literature review is of lesser importance D)All literature in the narrative literature review must be scholarly

A)The literature review plays a small role in narrative research

Group interviews offer phenomenological researchers A)The opportunity to legitimize findings B)Ways to expedite the research process C)Impersonal methods of data collection D)All of the above

A)The opportunity to legitimize findings

The observer who focuses on themes common to others is known as A)The reflecter B)The interacter C)The abstracter D)The baseliner

A)The reflecter

Significant statements related to the phenomenon under consideration are often labeled A)Thematic perception B)Textured descriptions C)Divergent perceptions D)Meaning units

D)Meaning units

Narrative research is especially applicable to counseling because A)Primary counseling theories are rooted in narrative theory B)Skills of counseling are useful skills for the narrative researcher C)Stories told by participants are frequently new to the field of counseling D)All of the above E)a & b only

E)a & b only

According to the text, one type of research question specifically used to guide case study research is the A)Theory building question B)Mixed methods question C)Quantitative question D)Compound question

A)Theory building question

All but which of the following are acceptable case study design lines of inquiry? A)What is the racial and ethnic makeup of an elementary school? B)What contributes to the morale of graduate students? B)What factors impact resilience following a hurricane? D)What is the role of the supervisor in the supervisory relationship?

A)What is the racial and ethnic makeup of an elementary school?

The purpose-oriented case study that A)Qualitative in nature B)A Mixed methods design C)A quantitative design D)Conducted with multiple cases and multiple researchers

B)A Mixed methods design

A transcript in narrative research is A)An exact replication of a spoken conversation B)A translation from one symbol language to another C)Considered analyzed data D)A task that can be delegated to other researchers

B)A translation from one symbol language to another

Research methodology and texts that result from this methodology are considered A)Story B)Narrative C)Plot D)Restorying

B)Narrative

A primary rationale for utilizing qualitative designs in the field of counseling is A)Qualitative designs are easier to replicate for future research B)The skills taught in counselor training programs are useful in this form of research C)Researchers who use qualitative methods typically receive larger funding opportunities D)Quantitative research has lost the respect of the profession in recent years

B)The skills taught in counselor training programs are useful in this form of research

The observer who is drawn to participant speech is known as A)The reflecter B)The tape recorder C)The abstracter D)The baseliner

B)The tape recorder

With regard to the method of inquiry and theory, A)Theory is used deductively to test hypotheses in qualitative methodology B)Theory is used inductively and starts with a general area of interest in qualitative methodology C)The assumption in Grounded Theory is that researchers and what they study mutually influence one another D)All of the above

B)Theory is used inductively and starts with a general area of interest in qualitative methodology

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are primary roles of the phenomenological researcher A)To be the primary instrument of data collection and analysis B)To be the voice of reason during contentious group interviews C)Being open to biased values and beliefs in themselves D)Validate the perspective of the participants

B)To be the voice of reason during contentious group interviews

Theoretical sensitivity specifically refers to the researcher A)understanding that theory is indefinable and difficult to detect in research situations. B)knowing the direction of inquiry, subtle nuances within the area of study, and what questions to ask. C)knowing when categories are thick or saturated and when data gathering should cease. D)ensuring that he or she is kept up to date on current research in his or her chosen field of study

B)knowing the direction of inquiry, subtle nuances within the area of study, and what questions to ask.

Yin's (2009) data analysis strategies include all but which of the following A)Start with the data most relevant to your research question B)Create a structure of the study using a case description C)Look for findings that contradict your assumptions D)Copy all data to color coded index cards

D)Copy all data to color coded index cards

Which of the following research ideas would be best suited to the use of Grounded Theory? A)Relationship between birth order and treatment for depression B)The efficacy of a program to increase undergraduate retention rates C)The impact of years of clinical experience on measures of compassion fatigue among counselors D)Counselors' perceptions of working with transgendered clients

D)Counselors' perceptions of working with transgendered clients

The role of the researcher's own story in narrative inquiry can be best described as A)Unrelated B)Related but with hidden bias C)Related and made explicit D)None of the above

D)None of the above?

Characteristics of a given category that add to the contextual understanding are known as A)Coding B)Concepts C)Categories D)Properties

D)Properties

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are considered values of grounded theorists A)The need to get out into the field and discover what is really going on B)The realizations that persons act on the basis of meaning C)The relevance of theory grounded in data to the development of a discipline D)The belief that phenomena and human action are static concepts

D)The belief that phenomena and human action are static concepts

Of the four report structures suggested by Yin (2009), A)The classic sing-case narrative is superior to the question and answer format B)The cross case format is is superior to the question and answer format C)The multiple case format addresses different issues of the study rather than narratives of the individual cases D)The multiple case format provides a single narrative section for each case study

D)The multiple case format provides a single narrative section for each case study

Generalizability is considered A)A limitation of case study design B)Important only in mixed methods designs C)An advantage to case study research D)Irrelevant in counseling research

A)A limitation of case study design

An intentional process whereby the researcher attempts to extract their own biases is known as A)Epoche B)Lebenswelt C)Essence D)Life-world

A)Epoche

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding Grounded Theory A)It is a systematic quantitative methodology B)It emphasizes the generation of theory from data during the research process C)Data collection occurs prior to determining the theoretical foundation of the study D)All of the above are true

A)It is a systematic quantitative methodology

A method of organizing analytical notes, memos, and diagrams in a way that stimulate theory development is known as A)Saturation B)Redundancy C)Sorting D)Assimilation

C)Sorting

The observer who organizes information according to time dimensions is known as A)The reflecter B)The stopwatch C)The abstracter D)The baseliner

D)The baseliner

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are typical methods of gathering narrative data A)Research interviews B)Eavesdropping C)Conversation D)Oral histories

B)Eavesdropping

In terms of anonymity of the case, it is suggested that A)Complete anonymity is preferred B)Complete disclosure is preferred C)A compromise between complete anonymity and complete disclosure is preferred D)Anonymity is not determined by the researcher

C)A compromise between complete anonymity and complete disclosure is preferred

The constant comparative process suggests that A)researchers compare their findings to the body of published research within the focus of study B)continually seeking outside sources ensures that objectivity is preserved during the research process. C)checking out a research idea with other ideas that have been researched prevents duplication of findings. D)emerging themes are held up to the data to strengthen validity of the findings.

D)emerging themes are held up to the data to strengthen validity of the findings.

Case study design is most thorough when it is A)Qualitative in nature B)A Mixed methods design C)A quantitative design D)Conducted with multiple cases and multiple researchers

B)A Mixed methods design

Ideas that emerge from the phenomena being studied are referred to as A)Coding B)Concepts C)Categories D)Properties

B)Concepts

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are forms of analytic process A)Retelling an individual's story B)Developing implications for further research C)Identifying themes D)Situating the story within a specific setting

B)Developing implications for further research

Methods of obtaining and recording data including notes, conversations, and artifacts are collectively known as A)Memory boxes B)Field texts C)Field observations D)Autobiographical writing

B)Field texts

Which of the following is true about the literature review in grounded theory? A)It is exhaustive B)It develops an interest in the topic and stimulates questions C)It helps build an argument for hypotheses and lay the foundation for the study D)All of the above are true

B)It develops an interest in the topic and stimulates questions

A primary advantage of phenomenological research is A)Time B)Opportunity for participants to gain insight and feel heard C)Ease of implementation D)Information gleaned is concise

B)Opportunity for participants to gain insight and feel heard

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true related to A)Everything is data B)Data generated for interviews is the most valuable C)Behavioral observation is not useful to Grounded Theory research D)All of the above are true

C)Behavioral observation is not useful to Grounded Theory research

Groupings of related concepts that emerge throughout the coding of data in Grounded Theory are referred to as A)Coding B)Concepts C)Categories D)Properties

C)Categories

When a researcher wishes to provide a comparison between cases, the best context-oriented type of case study to use is A)Intrinsic B)Instrumental C)Collective D)Collaborative

C)Collective

The commonality of lived experiences in phenomenological research is known as A)Epoche B)Lebenswelt C)Essence D)Life-world

C)Essence

One of the major strengths of developing theory through Grounded Theory methodology is A)the discovery of action and process. B)existing theory drives the research process. C)data serve as one important source for theory formulation, but not central to the research process. D)the exclusive use of focus groups as the primary data gathering technique.

A)the discovery of action and process.

Narrative stories are told through which means A)Dance B)Orally C)Writing D)b & c E)all of the above

E)all of the above

Participant profiles A)Present data in context B)Can present comparisons among participants C)Create a narrative about categories D)a & b only E)all of the above

E)all of the above

Studying the experience of the president of Chi Sigma Iota chapters at several universities would be an example of which design? A)Multiple case holistic B)A multiple case embedded C)Single case embedded D)Single case holistic

A)Multiple case holistic

Which of the following is NOT true regarding narrative research? A)It has been largely shaped by ethnographic practices B)Narrative therapy focuses on the construction of life stories C)Uses survey data as the primary research tool D)Broadens knowledge beyond the traditional case study approach

C)Uses survey data as the primary research tool

Data collection and analysis in narrative research involves A)Systemized survey design B)A needs assessment of stakeholders C)The use of SPSS D)Gathering stories

D)Gathering stories

The most complex organizing process in narrative research is A)Ordering themes in sequence B)Ordering events in sequence C)Organizing data sequentially D)All of the above

A)Ordering themes in sequence

The preferred technique for data analysis in case study design is A)Pattern matching B)Explanation building C)Time-series analysis D)Logic models

A)Pattern matching

Data analysis in narrative research is A)Something that is less discussed in the literature on narrative research B)Actually conducted by the participant C)A standard process which means the procedures do not have to be outlined in the final report D)None of the above are true regarding data analysis in narrative research

A)Something that is less discussed in the literature on narrative research

A narrative told orally to describe events and experiences is known as A)Story B)Narrative C)Plot D)Restorying

A)Story

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true about theory A)It provides a basis for action B)It is applicable only within the context of the particular research study C)It accounts for consistency and variation D)It has both explanatory and predictive power

B)It is applicable only within the context of the particular research study

When the research is also a part of the context of the case, this is known as what type of data source? A)Direct observation B)Participant observation C)Interviews D)Physical artifacts

B)Participant observation

Full narratives of what happened including verbatim examples related to meaning are known as A)Thematic perception B)Textured descriptions C)Divergent perceptions D)Meaning units

B)Textured descriptions

Checking for outliers, using extreme cases, weighing the evidence, and getting feedback from informants are all examples of A)Saturation B)Sorting C)Ensuring trustworthiness of the findings D)Analyzing the data

C)Ensuring trustworthiness of the findings

Case study design is most useful to answer the following types of questions A)What? B)Who? C)How or why? D)Where?

C)How or why?

Exploring data from multiple perspectives in phenomenological research is an example of A)Thematic perception B)Textured descriptions C)Imaginative variation D)Meaning units

C)Imaginative variation

Phenomenological researchers do ALL BUT WHICH of the following? A)View people and their world as inextricably linked B)Observe interaction between person and world C)Manipulate the variables in the interaction between person and world D)Focus on the essence of lived experience

C)Manipulate the variables in the interaction between person and world

Narrative structure through which people understand the relationship between events and experiences is known as A)Story B)Narrative C)Plot D)Restorying

C)Plot

ALL BUT WHICH of the following are true regarding phenomenological research? A)The researcher's background may pose limitations to the research B)All qualitative research involves a recursive pattern of data collection, interpretation, modification, and further collection C)Reducing the data results in what is known as the essence of the experience D)The interviewer-participant relationship is irrelevant to the process

C)Reducing the data results in what is known as the essence of the experience

When phenomenological researcher record their thoughts and reactions to the research process, participant responses, and participants non-verbals, they are engaging in what is best known as A)Extraction B)Observations C)Reflective journaling D)Triangulation

C)Reflective journaling

The concept of dependability in phenomenological research is similar to ____________ in other forms of research A)Cross-cultural awareness B)Methodological issues C)Reliability D)Validity

C)Reliability

All but which of the following are reasons to use case study design A)You want to understand how or why a phenomenon exists B)It is important to study the phenomenon within a particular context C)You intend to manipulate the context or behavior of participants D)The study will employ multiple sources of data

C)You intend to manipulate the context or behavior of participants

Which of the following most accurately represents how objectivity is viewed through the Grounded Theory approach? A)The researcher influences what is observed. B)The job of the researcher is to organize and accurately render the participants' story which is also shaped by the researcher's experience. C)Objectivity is maintained through reflexivity. D)A and B. E)All of the above.

D)A and B.

All but which of the following types of data sources are useful in case study research A)Archival document review B)Interviews and conversations C)Surveys D)All are helpful data sources in case study research

D)All are helpful data sources in case study research

Which of the following is true regarding triangulation in narrative research? A)It involves the use of multiple methods or investigators to confirm findings B)While recommended, it is rarely discussed C)It is assumed to reduce bias D)All of the above E)a & c only

D)All of the above

Writing about the experience includes A)Exploring literary forms B)Applying literary techniques C)Reading about the experience D)All of the above

D)All of the above

A single case is best used when the case under consideration is A)Extreme or unique B)Able to be studied longitudinally C)Critical to the validation, expansion, or challenge of a theory D)All of the above are considerations for single case design

D)All of the above are considerations for single case design

A good reason to use a case study approach is A)A desire to contribute to the deeper understanding through exploration of a phenomenon B)A desire to predict behavior based on existing variables C)An interest in developing or building upon a new theory D)Both A and C are good reasons to use a case study approach

D)Both A and C are good reasons to use a case study approach

Which of the following reasons support the use of a pilot study? A)Eliminate potential obstacles to the research B)You are concerned you won't get the results you want C)Revision of documents and questions for clarity D)Both A and C are valid reasons for conducting a pilot study

D)Both A and C are valid reasons for conducting a pilot study

Narrative research includes a focus on the foreground of the story which is also known as the participant's A)Narrative B)Background text C)Blind area D)Cover story

D)Cover story

Important questions to ask when selecting a case include A)Is the case conveniently accessed? B)Does the case represent a culture other than my own? C)Has the case been studied before? D)Does the case represent a unique situation?

D)Does the case represent a unique situation?

Which of the following is not true about phenomenological research? A)Participants are considered co-researchers B)Participants must protected and remain anonymous C)Criterion sampling is employed D)Random sampling methods are employed

D)Random sampling methods are employed

Trustworthiness in phenomenological studies refers to A)The soundness of the research B)The credibility and transferability of the research C)Applicability of findings D)a & b only E)All of the above

D)a & b only