FN235 CHAPTER 7 QUIZ

What are the two types of protein-energy malnutrition?

Kwashiorkor Marasmus

How many nonessential amino acids are there?

11

Chris is a normal healthy person who weights 176 lbs. Calculate is protein needs using the RDA formula.

176 lbs / 2.2 = 80kg 80kg x 0.8 g/kg = 64 g of protein required daily

How many essential amino acids are there?

9

Name 4 functions of proteins in the body.

Energy Structure Fluid Balance Repair Transport Contraction

What is the difference between high-quality proteins and low-quality proteins?

High-quality proteins are complete proteins that contain all 9 essential amino acids. These are found in most animal foods. Low quality proteins are incomplete proteins that lack or has inadequate amounts of 1 or more of the essential amino acids. These are found in most plant foods.

What does protein contain in its chemical structure that is different from carbohydrates and lipids?

Nitrogen

Explain what happens to proteins as they undergo digestion and absorption in the human digestive tract. Use these terms: hydrochloric acid, pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amino acids.

Protein digestion begins in the stomach where hydrochloric acid first denatures proteins. Pepsin then digests proteins into smaller polypeptides. Once the polypeptides enter the small intestine, trypsin and chymotrypsin break them down further into shorter peptides and individual amino acids. Absorptive cells release enzymes that digest most small peptides into individual amino acids. They then enter the absorptive cell where they are completely digested into amino acids. (Amino acids are the end products of protein digestion).

List the types of vegetarians and explains what each of them are?

Semivegtarian: consumes all meats except red meats Lactovegetarian: consumes all milk and milk products Ovovegetarian: consumes eggs Lactoovovegetarian: consumes eggs, milk, and milk products Vegan: consumes only plants foods/no animal foods

What are the 3 groups that make up an amino acid?

acid group r group (side chain) amino group

What is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid?

deamination

What are 3 ways you can denature a protein?

heat alcohol acid

What are 3 common food allergies? How do you treat food allergies?

peanuts wheat cow's milk soybeans fish and shellfish food dyes sulfites added wine, potatoes, and shrimp On a day to day basis: treat food allergies by avoiding the offending foods, read food labels to check for allergens, and educate teacher/other adults of allergic children's need to avoid certain foods. For severe reactions: emergency treatment for anaphylaxis by using medication (such as epi pen)

Amino acids are held together with _____ bonds.

peptide

What is the process of transferring nitrogen to a carbon skeleton to form an amino acid?

transamination