Abnormal Psych Exam 1

Who argued that people prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world?

Albert Ellis

Which of the following brain abnormalities have been implicated in depression?

An enlargement of and increased activity in the amygdala

Which of the following is true with regard to gender differences in oppositional defiant disorder?

Boys with oppositional disorder are more likely to be physically aggressive

Terrence's father abandoned him and his mother when he was 6 years old. When asked about his father, he says that his father died. Although his father has tried to contact him, Terrence insists that his father is dead. Which of the following Freudian processes would best explain Terrence's behavior?

Defense mechanism

___ therapy focuses on difficulties in managing negative emotions and in controlling impulsive behaviors

Dialectical behavior

Judith worries daily about whether her husband made it safely to work, how her children are getting on in school, what she should cook for dinner, and if the family will be satisfied with the meal she prepares. Judith is sluggish most of the time, and has trouble concentrating on positive things. Judith is most likely suffering from:

GAD

Which individual argued that hysteria was caused by the degeneration of the brain?

Jean Charcot

Which of the following statements is true about panic disorder?

Many people with panic disorder feel ashamed of it and try to hide it from others

According to Borsbroom, which of the following is the central tenet of the network approach to mental disorders?

Mental disorders arise from the causal interaction between symptoms in a network

Lee is a high school teacher. He has difficulty grading his papers because he constantly checks and rechecks the students' answers. He fears that he has made a mistake in the calculations. Lee's checking routines are not limited to his students' work. He also checks the locks on his classroom door several times before leaving school, and performs these kinds of rituals at home as well. Lee is most likely exhibiting:

OCD

Which of the following is a true statement about OCD?

Obsessive thoughts are distressing to people with OCD

Which of the following factors may account for the higher rate of conduct disturbances in boys that in girls?

Parents are more likely to physically punish boy severely than girls

Which of the following parenting styles is likely to increase a child's vulnerability to conduct disorder?

Parents who physically abuse their children

Which of the following statements is true about social anxiety disorder?

Social anxiety disorder often co-occurs with mood disorders and other anxiety disorders

What phenomenon, seen in Italy in the 14th century, was attributed to a tarantula bite causing people to jump around, dance wildly, tear at their clothes, and beat each other with whips?

Tarantism

Which of the following is true of psychic epidemics?

They are now under study from a social psychology perspective.

According to cognitive theory, which of the following statements is true about people diagnosed with GAD?

They believe that worrying can help them avoid bad events

Deliberately annoying peers, blaming others for your mistakes and refusing to do what your mom asks are all examples of what category of criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?

argumentative/defiant behavior

A child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder is most likely to

blame others for their own mistakes

Under a managed care system, primary care physicians:

can coordinate services offered by other providers such as drug treatment

Leila was distraught when she discovered her husband had been involved with another woman and had a child with the other woman. She constantly tries to understand why her husband cheated on her, thinking thoughts such as "I am so stupid for not realizing what was going on" and "I should have been more attentive to his needs" What type of cognition is Leila most likely exhibiting?

causal attribution

The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on

causal attributions or an explanation of why an event happened

Lithium is

commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder

Sam is aggressive to people, destroys his neighbors property, and constantly steals and lies to his parents and others. Sam likely has

conduct disorder

According to behavioral theories of depression

depressive behaviors often are reinforced by the sympathy and attention they bring about in other people.

Rachel teaches in the second grade and suspects that two students in her class have behavioral problems. Although she works fervently to keep the class running smoothly, the students' behaviors continually disrupts the learning environment. When the two students blurt out the answers before being called upon, push others in line, or constantly get out of their seats, other students become distracted and irritated. According to which criterion will these students' behaviors might be considered abnormal?

distress

Two types of psychosocial intervention are effective in reducing conduct problems. One targets ___ and the other ____

diverse behaviors with the use of multiple treatment components; facilitates proper child-rearing practices

One major difference between hypomania and mania is that the symptoms of hypomania

do not involve hallucinations

A key assumption behind acceptance and commitment therapy is that _____, ignoring painful thoughts, memories, and feelings, are at the heart of many mental health problems

experiential avoidance

Sara feels as though every aspect of her life is dismal. She has a pessimistic attitude toward her family, friends, and important events in her life. She views everything on the dark side, and she does not believe that positive thinking is useful in her situation. Sara is most likely exhibiting _____.

hopelessness depression

A person filled with grandiose self-esteem, displaying rapid speech and impulsive behaviors, and showing elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week is exhibiting signs of

mania

Trudy's mother is afraid of bees. Her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. Trudy, seeing her mother's response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. In this case, Trudy's behavior can be explained by which theory?

observational learning

Which of the following statements about depression is true?

people with depression often do not seek treatment, as they expect to overcome their symptoms on their own

The biological approach to abnormality focuses on all of the following causes of abnormality EXCEPT

poor physiological responses does focus on genetic abnormalities, biochemical imbalance, brain dysfunction

Individuals labeled as either a sociopath or a ___ share symptoms with the DSM5 diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder

psychopath

Bart has been diagnosed with major depression. Recently he has been experiencing hallucinations. He sees mystical beings cloaked in white swooping down from the sky trying to "whisk" him away. Bart is most likely experiencing major depression with _____.

psychotic

Janie's house was broken into and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has been overly cautious and watchful. The smallest noise startles her. If someone looks at her "strangely," she becomes very anxious. Janie is most likely:

reexperiencing the trauma

One view that focuses on the process of thinking, rather than the content of thinking, as a contributor to depression is called the _____.

ruminative response styles theory

Carl Rogers believed that without undue pressure from others, individuals naturally move toward personal growth, self-acceptance and ____, the fulfillment of their potential for love, creativity, and meaning

self-actualization

Albert Bandura argued that people's belief about their ability to execute the behaviors necessary to control important events, which he called ____ beliefs, are crucial in determining people's well-being.

self-efficacy

Children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder

show abnormal cortisol levels at rest and in response to a stressor

Anna is terrified of speaking in public. She always finds an excuse to avoid public speaking or gets someone to speak for her. Once Anna had a full-blown panic attack when her boss called on her unexpectedly to speak at a meeting. Anna is most likely exhibiting symptoms of:

social anxiety disorder

Patrick is a Vietnam War veteran who has a recurring nightmare of being on the frontline. Any sound that remotely resembles gunfire makes him anxious. Although he has been suffering for years with this problem, he now decides to seek treatment. His psychologist has suggests that he identify the thoughts and situations that evoke anxiety and rank them. His psychologist begins to help him work through each situation by using relaxation techniques. This technique is called:

systematic desensitization

One long-standing theory is that aggressiveness, such as that shown by people with antisocial personality disorder, is linked to the hormone _____.

testosterone

Margaret is a 27-year-old soccer mom who never misses her daughter's games. Her friends argue that her behavior is embarrassing, and she is making a fool of herself when she repeatedly yells and jumps to her feet. Margaret insists that no one is paying attention to her behavior and states, "It's a soccer game—people are expected to get excited!" Which of the following should determine whether Margaret's behavior is abnormal?

the context in which it is performed

Phillipe Pinel, a leaderin the moral treatment movement, observed that the chains be removed from the patients because he believed that

the patient's health could be improved by restoring their dignity and tranquility

Which of the following statements is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

the side effects of ECT involve confusion and memory loss

The diagnosis of depression in older adults is complicated because

their symptoms often occur in the context of medical illnesses

Patricia begins to talk to her therapist as if he is her father. She also reacts with extreme fear as she did when she was a child. This is an example of _____.

transference

Xia has been feeling sad and lonely over the last several days. According to the ancient Chinese medical philosophy, Xia's mood is likely the result of:

vital air flowing on the lungs