Abnormal Psych Exam 1
Who argued that people prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world?
Albert Ellis
Which of the following brain abnormalities have been implicated in depression?
An enlargement of and increased activity in the amygdala
Which of the following is true with regard to gender differences in oppositional defiant disorder?
Boys with oppositional disorder are more likely to be physically aggressive
Terrence's father abandoned him and his mother when he was 6 years old. When asked about his father, he says that his father died. Although his father has tried to contact him, Terrence insists that his father is dead. Which of the following Freudian processes would best explain Terrence's behavior?
Defense mechanism
___ therapy focuses on difficulties in managing negative emotions and in controlling impulsive behaviors
Dialectical behavior
Judith worries daily about whether her husband made it safely to work, how her children are getting on in school, what she should cook for dinner, and if the family will be satisfied with the meal she prepares. Judith is sluggish most of the time, and has trouble concentrating on positive things. Judith is most likely suffering from:
GAD
Which individual argued that hysteria was caused by the degeneration of the brain?
Jean Charcot
Which of the following statements is true about panic disorder?
Many people with panic disorder feel ashamed of it and try to hide it from others
According to Borsbroom, which of the following is the central tenet of the network approach to mental disorders?
Mental disorders arise from the causal interaction between symptoms in a network
Lee is a high school teacher. He has difficulty grading his papers because he constantly checks and rechecks the students' answers. He fears that he has made a mistake in the calculations. Lee's checking routines are not limited to his students' work. He also checks the locks on his classroom door several times before leaving school, and performs these kinds of rituals at home as well. Lee is most likely exhibiting:
OCD
Which of the following is a true statement about OCD?
Obsessive thoughts are distressing to people with OCD
Which of the following factors may account for the higher rate of conduct disturbances in boys that in girls?
Parents are more likely to physically punish boy severely than girls
Which of the following parenting styles is likely to increase a child's vulnerability to conduct disorder?
Parents who physically abuse their children
Which of the following statements is true about social anxiety disorder?
Social anxiety disorder often co-occurs with mood disorders and other anxiety disorders
What phenomenon, seen in Italy in the 14th century, was attributed to a tarantula bite causing people to jump around, dance wildly, tear at their clothes, and beat each other with whips?
Tarantism
Which of the following is true of psychic epidemics?
They are now under study from a social psychology perspective.
According to cognitive theory, which of the following statements is true about people diagnosed with GAD?
They believe that worrying can help them avoid bad events
Deliberately annoying peers, blaming others for your mistakes and refusing to do what your mom asks are all examples of what category of criteria for oppositional defiant disorder?
argumentative/defiant behavior
A child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder is most likely to
blame others for their own mistakes
Under a managed care system, primary care physicians:
can coordinate services offered by other providers such as drug treatment
Leila was distraught when she discovered her husband had been involved with another woman and had a child with the other woman. She constantly tries to understand why her husband cheated on her, thinking thoughts such as "I am so stupid for not realizing what was going on" and "I should have been more attentive to his needs" What type of cognition is Leila most likely exhibiting?
causal attribution
The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on
causal attributions or an explanation of why an event happened
Lithium is
commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Sam is aggressive to people, destroys his neighbors property, and constantly steals and lies to his parents and others. Sam likely has
conduct disorder
According to behavioral theories of depression
depressive behaviors often are reinforced by the sympathy and attention they bring about in other people.
Rachel teaches in the second grade and suspects that two students in her class have behavioral problems. Although she works fervently to keep the class running smoothly, the students' behaviors continually disrupts the learning environment. When the two students blurt out the answers before being called upon, push others in line, or constantly get out of their seats, other students become distracted and irritated. According to which criterion will these students' behaviors might be considered abnormal?
distress
Two types of psychosocial intervention are effective in reducing conduct problems. One targets ___ and the other ____
diverse behaviors with the use of multiple treatment components; facilitates proper child-rearing practices
One major difference between hypomania and mania is that the symptoms of hypomania
do not involve hallucinations
A key assumption behind acceptance and commitment therapy is that _____, ignoring painful thoughts, memories, and feelings, are at the heart of many mental health problems
experiential avoidance
Sara feels as though every aspect of her life is dismal. She has a pessimistic attitude toward her family, friends, and important events in her life. She views everything on the dark side, and she does not believe that positive thinking is useful in her situation. Sara is most likely exhibiting _____.
hopelessness depression
A person filled with grandiose self-esteem, displaying rapid speech and impulsive behaviors, and showing elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week is exhibiting signs of
mania
Trudy's mother is afraid of bees. Her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. Trudy, seeing her mother's response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. In this case, Trudy's behavior can be explained by which theory?
observational learning
Which of the following statements about depression is true?
people with depression often do not seek treatment, as they expect to overcome their symptoms on their own
The biological approach to abnormality focuses on all of the following causes of abnormality EXCEPT
poor physiological responses does focus on genetic abnormalities, biochemical imbalance, brain dysfunction
Individuals labeled as either a sociopath or a ___ share symptoms with the DSM5 diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder
psychopath
Bart has been diagnosed with major depression. Recently he has been experiencing hallucinations. He sees mystical beings cloaked in white swooping down from the sky trying to "whisk" him away. Bart is most likely experiencing major depression with _____.
psychotic
Janie's house was broken into and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has been overly cautious and watchful. The smallest noise startles her. If someone looks at her "strangely," she becomes very anxious. Janie is most likely:
reexperiencing the trauma
One view that focuses on the process of thinking, rather than the content of thinking, as a contributor to depression is called the _____.
ruminative response styles theory
Carl Rogers believed that without undue pressure from others, individuals naturally move toward personal growth, self-acceptance and ____, the fulfillment of their potential for love, creativity, and meaning
self-actualization
Albert Bandura argued that people's belief about their ability to execute the behaviors necessary to control important events, which he called ____ beliefs, are crucial in determining people's well-being.
self-efficacy
Children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder
show abnormal cortisol levels at rest and in response to a stressor
Anna is terrified of speaking in public. She always finds an excuse to avoid public speaking or gets someone to speak for her. Once Anna had a full-blown panic attack when her boss called on her unexpectedly to speak at a meeting. Anna is most likely exhibiting symptoms of:
social anxiety disorder
Patrick is a Vietnam War veteran who has a recurring nightmare of being on the frontline. Any sound that remotely resembles gunfire makes him anxious. Although he has been suffering for years with this problem, he now decides to seek treatment. His psychologist has suggests that he identify the thoughts and situations that evoke anxiety and rank them. His psychologist begins to help him work through each situation by using relaxation techniques. This technique is called:
systematic desensitization
One long-standing theory is that aggressiveness, such as that shown by people with antisocial personality disorder, is linked to the hormone _____.
testosterone
Margaret is a 27-year-old soccer mom who never misses her daughter's games. Her friends argue that her behavior is embarrassing, and she is making a fool of herself when she repeatedly yells and jumps to her feet. Margaret insists that no one is paying attention to her behavior and states, "It's a soccer game—people are expected to get excited!" Which of the following should determine whether Margaret's behavior is abnormal?
the context in which it is performed
Phillipe Pinel, a leaderin the moral treatment movement, observed that the chains be removed from the patients because he believed that
the patient's health could be improved by restoring their dignity and tranquility
Which of the following statements is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
the side effects of ECT involve confusion and memory loss
The diagnosis of depression in older adults is complicated because
their symptoms often occur in the context of medical illnesses
Patricia begins to talk to her therapist as if he is her father. She also reacts with extreme fear as she did when she was a child. This is an example of _____.
transference
Xia has been feeling sad and lonely over the last several days. According to the ancient Chinese medical philosophy, Xia's mood is likely the result of:
vital air flowing on the lungs