Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1 Questions

True or false: Mental health professionals have no trouble defining abnormality.

False (Even mental health professionals struggle to find an appropriate definition of abnormality)

True or false: Discrimination can affect both psychological well-being and physical health.

True

Which of the following are advocacy groups for the mentally ill?

-The Mental Health Association -National Alliance for the Mentally Ill -The Center to Address Discrimination and Stigma,

John Watson

Behaviorism

Ivan Pavlov

Classical conditioning

Aaron Beck

Cognitive theory

Who was considered the founder of American psychiatry?

Correct: -Benjamin Rush Incorrect: -Solomon Walters -Sigmund Freud -William Rogers

Chaya is a 19-year-old college student. She experienced a series of stressful situations over the past few months and had suicidal thoughts. Prior to reaching out for help, she wondered if others would understand her. What is the best explanation of her worry?

Correct: -Cultural stigma placed on mental illness Incorrect: -that her symptoms would worsen if she talked about them -ear that services would not be available (While she may have worried whether she could get help, there are multiple campus and community resources available (including 911) to anyone experiencing mental health distress.). -Financial Aid

______ was a schoolteacher from Massachusetts who started a campaign to build more public mental health hospitals.

Correct: -Dorothea Dix Incorrect: -Carrie Nation -Susan B. Anthony -Anne Sullivan

While serving in Iraq with the U.S. Army, Sergeant Carlos Rogers had an improvised explosive device detonate under his vehicle and cause a concussion. Years later, he's finding that he's having problems with his short-term memory, mood swings, and changes to his personality. His psychiatrist orders an MRI scan to determine if the problems are Blank______ based.

Correct: -biologically Incorrect: -behaviorally -socially -psychologically (An MRI scan would determine problems in the brain, which means they are biologically based)

Dr. Franklin is treating a new patient. He tells the patient's family that the best way to treat her is to keep her quiet in a restful environment, which will help her learn self-control over her behaviors. What type of 19th-Century treatment does Dr. Franklin's approach most resemble?

Correct: -moral Incorrect: -spiritual -practical (Keeping a patient quiet and in a restful environment so she could learn self-control was called MORAL treatment) -resilience (Keeping the patient quiet and in restful environment so she could learn self-control was called MORAL treatment)

The ______ perspective looks at the influences of family, friends, and communities on our mental health.

Correct: -sociocultural Incorrect: -classical -psychological -personal history

Exorcism is:

Correct: -A belief in spiritual possession as the cause of psychological disorders. -A ritual that puts an individual under extreme duress in order to drive out devils. -A practice that continues in the present day.

The first modern scientifically based classification system for abnormal behavior was developed by

Correct: -Emil Kraepelin Incorrect: -Wilhem Greisinger (The first modern scientifically based classification system for abnormal behavior was developed by Emil Kraepelin) -Benjamin Rush (The first modern scientifically based classification system for abnormal behavior was developed by Emil Kraepelin) -Sigmund Freud (Freud did not offer a classification system for abnormal behavior)

A group home that provides a supportive environment to help patients re-enter the community after hospitalization is a(n)

Correct: -Halfway house Incorrect: -Fullway house -Inpatient clinic -Outpatient clinic

Why is the depression that goes along with the grief of the death of a loved one not considered clinical depression?

Correct: -It is a normal and expected response to the event. Incorrect: -Since it occurs only in that situation, it can be explained through other factors. -The symptoms would not meet the criteria for clinical depression. -There are no unidentified underlying causes for it.

Which was an unintended consequence of deinstitutionalization?

Correct: -Many mentally ill were left homeless and marginalized. Incorrect: -Families were left out of treatment planning for the mentally ill. -Psychiatric medications were prescribed less often. -People received better care in medical hospitals than in mental hospitals.

Which of the following are advocacy groups for the mentally ill? Choose all that apply:

Correct: -National Alliance for the Mentally Ill -The Center to Address Discrimination and Stigma -The Mental Health Association Incorrect: -The Mental Illness Advocacy Foundation

Dr. Riley is meeting with a new client, Rose. Rose has been experiencing feelings of depression and anxiety over the past few months. Dr. Riley explains to Rose that what she is experiencing is basically a bump in the road and that with help, the issues can be resolved. Dr. Riley's approach to Rose's problems is most closely aligned to which field of psychology?

Correct: -Positive Psychology Incorrect: -cognitive psychology -behavioral psychology -psychoanalysis

According to the Blank______ explanations of abnormal behavior, psychological illnesses and conditions are thought to be the result of evil or demonic spirits.

Correct: -Spiritual Incorrect: -Demonology -Phrenological -Humanistic

On a pleasant summer day, you are sitting at a sidewalk coffee shop drinking an iced coffee and reading a book when you see a man walking toward you wearing a parka, snow pants, heavy winter boots, and goggles. You ask why he's dressed that way, and he says that a friend of his wants to sell his winter camping gear, and that he just wants to try it out before buying it is heading back to his friend's place now. Which answer best describes his behavior?

Correct: -Though strange, it could still be considered normal. Incorrect: -He is definitely displaying abnormal behavior (While a bit odd, this behavior does not fit the general criteria of abnormality.). -We do not have enough information to answer (There is enough information offered to answer this question.). -He is probably dangerous and should be avoided.

When a person was found to be a witch using the Malleus Malificarum, common treatments included all of the following except

Correct: -Trephining Incorrect: -Burning at the stake -Torture -Deportation (Deportation was used. Trephining was not)

Clinical significance is best understood as

Correct: -a behavior that involves an impairment that a clinician can observe. Incorrect: -a behavior that impacts an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. -a behavior that causes an individual considerable distress within an important realm of his or her life (Distress is defined via the individual rather than via a clinician's observation) -a behavior that reflects a dysfunction in psychological, developmental, or biological processes.

Galen used Blank______ to develop a system of medical knowledge.

Correct: -anatomical studies Incorrect -personality studies -structured interviews -historical studies

______ explanations regard psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions.

Correct: -humanitarian Incorrect: -medical -scientific -spiritual

To conceptualize abnormal behavior as a complex interaction among multiple factors, clinicians best use a Blank______ perspective.

Correct: -biopsychosocial Incorrect: -sociocultural -biological -psychological (To conceptualize abnormal behavior as a complex interaction among multiple factors, clinicians best use a BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL perspective)

The Blank______ has a strong developmental viewpoint -- individuals changing overtime -- when it comes to the causes of abnormal behavior.

Correct: -biopsychosocial perspective Incorrect: -freudian perspective -medical perspective -behavioral perspective (The BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE has a strong developmental viewpoint -- individuals changing over time -- when it comes to the causes of abnormal behavior).

Mr. Frank, a 68-year-old veteran, is no longer able to handle his finances, manage his medications, or schedule his own appointments. He arrived late to session, and his hygiene was poor. His behavioral impairment, per observation of his therapist, meets criteria for

Correct: -clinical significance Incorrect: -mild cognitive impairment -a psychological disorder (His behaviors are observable and causing functional impairment. Based on these observations, he meets the first criteria (clinical significance) of a psychological disorder) -functional impairment (While his impairment causes functional deficits, the key here is that his therapist is objectively viewing these impairments as significant)

The 1963 Community Mental Health Act led to the Blank______ movement.

Correct: -deinstitutionalization Incorrect: -reorientation -behavioristic -human-oriented

During the 1970s, Blank______ took people out of state-run hospitals and placed them back into the population. This was typically done in a series of steps that included smaller facilities, then halfway houses, and finally integration back into their home community.

Correct: -deinstitutionalization Incorrect: -stabilization -assimilation -societal integration

The scientific explanation of abnormal behavior can include each of the following EXCEPT

Correct: -demonic possession Incorrect: -biological alterations -emotional stressors -faulty learning processes

Hippocrates theorized that all human behavior was based on

Correct: -four bodily "humors." Incorrect: -early conditioning -blood flow -spiritual possession

Psychological influences include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct: -genetics Incorrect: -life experience -exposure to key situations in life -learning

Which of the following improvements to the treatment of the mentally ill did Benjamin Rush advocate?

Correct: -giving patients occupational therapy -placing psychiatric patients in their own ward Incorrect: -prohibiting the inducing of fear to counteract violent behavior -allowing patients to be viewed for entertainment purposes

The way that people with psychological disorders are treated has changed significantly over time. One significant change occurred when patients began to be treated compassionately and encouraged to be active in choosing their own treatment. These are the hallmarks of which of the following approaches?

Correct: -humanitarian approach Incorrect: -scientific approach -spiritual approach -biopsychosocial approach

Walter had been in a state-run mental institution for a number of years before being deinstitutionalized in the mid-1970s. He was first placed in a halfway house but walked away after a few months and became homeless. No one really followed up on him. The best explanation for this type of failure was

Correct: -inadequate planning and lack of funds. Incorrect: -insufficient training of staff. -lack of empathy by authorities. -the belief that Walter and people like him were free to make decisions for themselves (Many of the alternatives to institutionalization failed because of inadequate planning and insufficient funds)

The Blank______ movement was a direct result of the work done by Dorthea Dix, who felt that merely treating people well was sufficient to treat mental illness.

Correct: -mental hygiene Incorrect: -mental cleansing -mental resilience -mental health (Dorthea Dix's work carried over to the twentieth century and became known as the MENTAL HYGIENE movement)

When studying abnormal behavior, it is important to use the scientific method because it helps us to

Correct: -minimize the effects of bias. Incorrect: -keep our theories hidden from people who are not trained in science. -prove that what we are looking for exists. -confirm our biases.

The positive psychology movement emphasizes:

Correct: -prevention Incorrect -institutionalization -pharmacological treatments -intervention

Sigmund Freud developed the field of Blank______, which is based upon unconscious desires, inhibited sexual feelings, and early development.

Correct: -psychoanalysis Incorrect: -behaviorism -paranormal psychology -psychotic psychology

During the Middle Ages, the view that the mentally ill were possessed by evil spirits was offered in

Correct: -the book Malleus Maleficarum. Incorrect: -the book Psychopathia Mores. -the Book of Leviticus from the Old Testament. -a papal bull

Like many other ideas of how to treat and care for people with mental illnesses, Blank______ often failed to meet early expectations, mostly because of a lack of funds and planning.

Correct: -the deinstitutionalization movement Incorrect: -the mental hygiene movement (The deinstitutionalization movement had great expectations, but because of lack of funding and planning it failed to meet those expectations) -the humanitarian movement (The deinstitutionalization movement had great expectations, but because of lack of funding and planning it failed to meet those expectations) -the institutionalization reform movement (The deinstitutionalization movement had great expectations, but because of lack of funding and planning it failed to meet those expectations)

A principle behind moral treatment is that

Correct: -the patient's comfort always comes first. Incorrect: -the patient is restrained for safety. -reinforcing positive behavior leads to improvement. -the patient's family is involved at every stage of treatment.

In prehistoric times, a common practice to cure people of mental illnesses was to bore a hole in their skulls to allow evil spirits to escape. This is called

Correct: -trephining Incorrect: -exorcism -key holing -leeching

Psychological disorders are usually not associated with stigma.

False (Psychological disorders are almost inevitably associated with stigma, a negative label that causes certain people to be regarded as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.)

B.F. Skinner

Operant Conditioning

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis

Albert Ellis

Rational-emotive theory

________ explanations investigate causes which can be objectively measured.

Scientific

Albert Bandura

Social learning theory

______ is a negative label that causes certain people to be regarded as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.

Stigma

True or false: People with psychological disorders may themselves have stigmatized views of mental illness.

True (People experiencing symptoms of a psychological disorder may not avail themselves of the help they could receive from treatment because they too have incorporated stigmatized views of mental illness)

Positive early childhood experiences, including proper nutrition, adequate health care, and loving care givers, can serve as early risk-protective factors against mental health disorders.

True (This is true. Positive early childhood experiences, including proper nutrition, adequate health care, and loving caregivers, can serve as early risk-protective factors against mental health disorders)