Abnormal psychology final

Which is a potential sign of a family system that places an unhealthy importance on appearance?

A father repeatedly jokes about his son's "scrawny" legs and tells him he should start lifting weights.

Compare and contrast acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are similar in that they both are caused by stressors or traumatic events and have similar functions. For example, people may experience distressing memories, trauma-linked dreams, dissociative experiences, etc. The difference in the two is the amount of time that it goes on for. Acute stress disorder occurs for a short time while PTSD lasts for at least a month.

Distinguish between bipolar disorder and unipolar depression,

Bipolar includes two extremes, hence the word "bi," meaning two, is used. It is commonly a rapid change between manic episodes and depressive episodes. Unipolar depression, on the other hand, does not include the dramatic switch between moods and dispositions. It does not include manic episodes, just depressive episodes.

Which assumption is shared by both the cognitive-behavioral perspective and the family-social perspective regarding the roots of depression?

Depression as a product of the social rewards a person receives from others

A college-aged woman with a history of dieting has significantly reduced her food intake. She views her constant hunger pains as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Her weight has dropped sharply below average, but she still thinks she is overweight. You suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sign or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa?

Fear of becoming overweight

"I don't know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You haven't lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record." Which element of cognitive therapy is this therapist MOST likely using?

Getting the client to challenge automatic thoughts and change biased ways of thinking

Drake was trapped in his car as he tried to flee a wildfire in northern California. There was ash and smoke everywhere. The heat was unbearable, and he was sure he was going to die. When rescue teams eventually found him, Drake was dehydrated, having trouble breathing, and scared. More than a year later, he still had nightmares and woke up in a cold sweat. This BEST describes a(n):

PTSD

What appears to be the key factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge?

Rapidity through soft texture

Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting?

Someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa

Which statement about the relationship between religion and suicide is MOST accurate?

The degree of a person's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than his or her specific religion.

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events

If one wanted to decrease the rates of eating disorders among U.S. children and adolescents, addressing which issue would MOST likely have the biggest impact?

Western notions of beauty and societal values

Pretend you are working with a client who states " I am dumb, I will never be able to graduate college. All of my classmates are so smart and accomplished, they probably laugh at how dumb I am" Give an example of two questions you could ask to challenge this individual's statement.

Why do you think that your classmates are smart and accomplished? Do you feel that graduating college is an indicator of your intelligence and if so, why?

Which statement is NOT true regarding gender and suicide?

Women succeed at committing suicide more often than men do. Men are actually more likely to succeed than women. Women typically use more passive methods (OD) whereas men typically use more violent methods (guns)

The individual MOST at risk of suicide is someone who: a. has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook. b. recently escaped from an abusive environment and is now living with family. c. felt trapped in his or her marriage and just recently divorced. d. is a devout Muslim

a. has become increasingly introverted and adopted an overall more pessimistic outlook.

All the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa share the immediate goal of:

assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns.

Talking rapidly, dressing flamboyantly, and getting involved in dangerous activities are _____ symptoms of mania.

behavioral

Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following EXCEPT:

being in therapy Triggers may include: being a heavy alcohol user. knowing someone who committed suicide. experiencing stressful life events.

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is:

binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies?

biological

Someone who experiences four or more alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as having:

bipolar II rapid cycling

Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

body size overestimation

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n):

cognitive symptom

Carlotta is attacked in the street, and her young daughter is kidnapped. Eventually, the police find her daughter and return her to her mother. However, Carlotta is unable to recall events that have occurred since the attack. She is even unable to retain new information; she remembers what happened before the attack but cannot remember new and ongoing experiences. This is a classic example of:

continuous amnesia

The group of hormones that are referred to as "stress hormones" are:

corticosteroids

Ambivalent about dying, Brody repeatedly played a dangerous game involving gas and a cigarette lighter. Brody is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:

death darer

Knowing she was terminally ill, Brielle swallowed a handful of barbiturates. She wanted to save herself and her family from the final painful months of her life. Brielle is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:

death initiator

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part?

dissociative disorder

Based on current research, the treatment recommended for someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

The primary motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences is:

fear

The individuals who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female or low-income

Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

inappropriate rises in mood

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

parasympathetic

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her client had been left alone by her mother on several occasions. The therapist concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation?

psychodynamic

Most second-generation antidepressants are:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for at least:

two weeks

Bulimia is always characterized by:

uncontrollable overeating.