ACBIS pretest questions
It is estimated that TBI cost how much annually?
$60 billion annually
What percentages of all TBIs are considered moderate injuries?
10%-30%
What percentages of TBIs are due to transportation-related incidents?
25%
The Brain Injury Association (BIA) estimates that only _______% of individuals with severe brain injuries have adequate funding for long-term treatment.
5%
In the US, there are at least ______ individuals living with TBI:
5.3 million
In a study conducted by Kraus et al. in 1989, what percentage of adults with brain injuries tested positive for blood alcohol?
56%
Non-accidental trauma is the cause of at least ____ deaths from head trauma in children under two years old?
80%
How many Americans experience the onset of long-term disability following TBI each year?
80,000-90,000
What percent of firearm-related TBIs result in death?
91%
Power of attorney is
A document in which a competent person appoints another to act for him/her in legal or financial matters
A guardian is a legally enforceable arrangement under which one person, the guardian, has the legal right and duty to care for another, the ward.
A guardianship is:
A durable power of attorney for health care is also known as
A medical power of attorney
Specialized school services are provided by law by all of the following except
ADA
Types of maltreatment typically addressed by laws are
Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation
Extended time on test, preferential seating and assistance with project planning are examples of
Academic accommodations
What type of care setting is focused on saving the individual‟s life and preventing further injury?
Acute Hospital
_______________ is a strong predictor of the cause of brain injury in children.
Age
an IEP is all of the following except:
An Internal Evaluation Plan
The term "active treatment" refers to:
An interaction intended to result in greater independence, autonomy and empowerment
A child that is distracted by normal classroom activity may have deficits in
Attention
The part of the neuron that is a long, slim "wire" that transmits signals from one cell body to another via junctions is called:
Axon
Between 50,000 and 75,000 persons sustain a severe TBI each year. How many of these people die?
Between a 1/3 and 1/2
The greatest percentage of brain maturation occurs
Birth to age five
________________ is a symptom of post-traumatic distress:
Blunted affect
The hypothalamus is the major brain region that manages the release of:
Body hormones
The national advocacy organization for persons with brain injury is called:
Brain Injury Association BIA
The medulla contains reflex centers which control involuntary functions such as:
Breathing and heart rate
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as:
Caused by external force
The NIDRR website that provides online resources for outcome measures for persons with BI is:
Center on Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury (COMBI)
This area of the brain monitors impulses from the motor and sensory areas to help control direction, rate, force and steadiness of movements.
Cerebellum
The brain sits inside of a rough and bony skull and is bathed in:
Cerebrospinal fluid
What was important about the Olmstead decision:
Challenged state, federal, and local governments to provide community-based services
The brain stem:
Controls basic life functions
Title I of the ADA covers
Discrimination against persons with disabilities in the areas of recruitment and hiring
Injury to the limbic system can produce serious problems involving:
Emotional perceptions and feelings
The number one cause of TBI injury is due to:
Falls
____________ are a natural link between hospital, home and school. However, they need the support of professionals to plan for successful reintegration to school
Families
As the family adjust to their family member‟s injuries, they may experience:
Feelings of helplessness or anger and Anxiety or fear
________________ peak maturation periods have been identified in normally developing children. These may be significantly affected depending on the age of the child, type of BI and region of the brain injured.
Five
Self-determination revolves around which of the following components:
Freedom, authority, support and responsibility
The TBI Grant Program is administered by :
Health Resources and Services Admin (HRSA)
Title IV of the ADA addresses telephone and television access for person with
Hearing or speech disabilities
Persons with ABI most likely to have difficulty accessing services are:
Individuals with cognitive impairment but lacking physical disabilities and Individuals with problem behaviors
Self determination builds on the principles of:
Informed consent, right to refuse
An example of promoting self-determination in the Human Services is:
Instituting change through legislature and Developing leadership skills among people with disabilities
The TBI Grant Program provides "seed money" for:
Integration of services and establishment of policy and Procurement of financial support
Seclusion is generally defined as
Isolating a person from others and Physically preventing a person from leaving a confined area
Two examples of national accreditation agencies are:
JCAHO
Forms of cultural devaluation include:
Labeling and stereotyping or perceived to be a cost to society and Identified by their label or their difference from those in authority
If an individual is unable to exercise their legal rights, a ___________________ may exercise those rights for the individual as allowed by the state law.
Legal representative
This part houses basic elemental drives, emotions and survival instincts:
Limbic system
The Interdependent paradigm sees the problem of disability as:
Limited or non-existent support for differences
One of the most effective strategies that staff and caregivers can do is:
Listen
HIPAA created national standards to protect
Medical records and protected health information
The brain stem includes three integral areas called:
Medula, pons, midbrain
If the student is unable to grasp new concepts without repeated exposure, this is an example of impaired
Memory
Some causes of anoxic injuries to the brain include:
Near drowning or smoke inhalation
Brain cells that make up the nervous system are called:
Neurons
The tiny brain cells making up the nervous system which are "communicators" are called:
Neurons
An Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is an injury that:
Occurs after birth and is not hereditary, congenital or degenerative and includes TBI
"Surveillance" is defined as:
On going systemic collection, analysis and interpretation of data
Near the back of the eyes, the optic nerves carry signals that cross at a site called:
Optic chiasm
What was the leading cause of death from TBI
Other
A child with a frontal lobe injury may go unnoticed because:
Parents and teachers act as the child‟s frontal lobe
Five desired interactional components include:
Positive Early All Reinforcing Look
Legal rights are:
Powers or privileges that an individual has under the law
Privilege is the right of a patient to
Prevent disclosure of healthcare information by a provider
Title III of the ADA covers
Public accommodations
The transportation provisions of the ADA cover services such as
Public bussing
Common physical effects of brain injury in children are:
Seizures, headaches and lack of endurance
Injury to the basal ganglia may result in:
Slowness and loss of movement Muscle rigidity Tremor
A subdural hematoma is the result of bleeding to the:
Space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
Teenagers are most susceptible to
Sports and auto occupant accidents
Ethical standards are
Standards of professional conduct rooted in moral principles and values
The TBI Act Amendments of 2000 provide the CDC with support to expand:
State surveillance and prevention programs
A common "trade off" belief, where the family member prays for God to take them instead of their loved one, is know as:
Survivor guilt
The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) provided funding to establish:
TBI model system of care
Which of the following is an example of a disability "label":
The TBI in bed 2", "He‟s one of Jerry‟s kids", She‟s a CVA"
Who/what determines that an individual is legally incompetent?
The court
To establish guardianship of an adult
The court must appoint the guardian and The court must follow the standards required by state law
What is not an example of a patients rights
The facility may open mail and review
Two structures associated with the limbic system include:
The hippocampus and amygdale
The cerebral hemispheres control:
The opposite side of the body
According to the Interdependence paradigm, who is the "power person"?
The person with a disability
According to the medical model, who is the "power person"?
The physician or therapist
The system which modulates or changes arousal, alertness and concentration is called:
The reticular activating system
Informed consent refers to
The right of a patient to consent to care only after the healthcare provider fully discloses the risks and facts
In the medical model, what is the real responsibility of the patient?
To cooperate with the treatment team
Mutual reinforcement is characterized by an exchange of reinforcers between:
Two or more people
An example of exploitation would be
Use of a dependent individual‟s property illegally or without consent
Which of the following is not an interaction style that facilitates outcome goals, partnerships and agreement:
Watching TV
When is the medical model the most appropriate model to use?
When the goal is to address sickness or establish medical stability
What is the situation in which use of a restraint or seclusion may be necessary?
When the person is an imminent danger to him/herself or others
A person with damage to the _________ may look "drunk" when they walk, and have poor eye/hand coordination.
cerebellum
Each cerebral hemisphere is made up of ______ lobes.
four
The four lobes of the brain are
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
The cerebral cortex is made up of two:
hemispheres
Which lobe includes the primary visual center?
occipital
Accredited programs have to demonstrate that they are in compliance with:
quality and performance standards
There are ________ membranes or Meninges that cover the brain.
three