Acidic solution

Lipophilic

Having a affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

Oxidizing agent

Substance that releases oxygen

Glycerin

Sweet, Coloress, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisterizer in skin and body cream.

Chemistry

science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions.

Oil-in-water emulsion

Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulisfied in water

Volatile organic compounds

Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)

Volatile alcohols

Acohols that evaporate easily.

alkanolamines

Alkaline substance used to nuetralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Alikalis

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

Compound molecules

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

oxidation-reduction

Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent id reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)

Ion

An adom or malecule that carries an electrical charge.

Emulsifier

An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.

Anion

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Cation

An ion with a positive electrical charge.

Chemical change

A change in a chemical composition or make-up of a substance.

Physical change

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Pure substance

A chemical combination a matter in definite (fixed) proportions

Molecule

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

Reduction reaction

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

Thioglycolic acid

A coloress liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasent odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.

Surfactants

A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emusify

pH scale

A measure of the acidity and alklinity of a substance; the ph scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.

physical mixture

A physical combination of matter in any proportions

Alkaline solution

A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral)

Acidic solution

A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral)

Solution

A stable physical mixture of two or more substances

Reducing agent

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

alpha hydroxy acids

Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Matter

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (Weight)

Physical properties

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.

Chemical properties

Characteristics that can only be determain by a chemical reaction and chemical change in a substance.

Exothermic reaction

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.

Ammonia

Coloress gas with a pungent oder that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Miscible

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Immiscible

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

Elemental molecule

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.

logarithm

Multiples of ten

Combustion

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

Silicones

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

Suspensions

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.

pH

The abbreveation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

Reduction

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction.

Ionization

The seperation of an adom or molecule into a positive and negative ions

Elements

The simplest form of chemical matter; an element canot be broken down into a substance without a loss of identity.

Atom

The smallest chemical component (Often called particals) of an elements; structures that make up the elementand have the same properties of an element.

Organic chemistry

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

Inorganic chemistry

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

solvent

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

Solute

The substance that is dissolved the solute and makes a solution.

States of matter

The three different physical forms of matter- solid, liquid, and gas

Water-in-oil emulsion

abbreviated W/O emlusion; water droplets are emulsified in oil.

Emulsion

an unstable physical fixture of two or more immiscible substance (substances that normally will not stay blended) plusa special ingredient called an emulsfier