Acidic solution
Lipophilic
Having a affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
Oxidizing agent
Substance that releases oxygen
Glycerin
Sweet, Coloress, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisterizer in skin and body cream.
Chemistry
science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions.
Oil-in-water emulsion
Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulisfied in water
Volatile organic compounds
Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)
Volatile alcohols
Acohols that evaporate easily.
alkanolamines
Alkaline substance used to nuetralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
Alikalis
Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
Compound molecules
Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
oxidation-reduction
Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent id reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)
Ion
An adom or malecule that carries an electrical charge.
Emulsifier
An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.
Anion
An ion with a negative electrical charge
Cation
An ion with a positive electrical charge.
Chemical change
A change in a chemical composition or make-up of a substance.
Physical change
A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance
Pure substance
A chemical combination a matter in definite (fixed) proportions
Molecule
A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
Reduction reaction
A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance.
Oxidation
A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
Thioglycolic acid
A coloress liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasent odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.
Surfactants
A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emusify
pH scale
A measure of the acidity and alklinity of a substance; the ph scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.
physical mixture
A physical combination of matter in any proportions
Alkaline solution
A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral)
Acidic solution
A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral)
Solution
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances
Reducing agent
A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound
alpha hydroxy acids
Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin
Matter
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (Weight)
Physical properties
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.
Chemical properties
Characteristics that can only be determain by a chemical reaction and chemical change in a substance.
Exothermic reaction
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.
Ammonia
Coloress gas with a pungent oder that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
Miscible
Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
Immiscible
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
Elemental molecule
Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.
logarithm
Multiples of ten
Combustion
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.
Silicones
Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers
Suspensions
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.
pH
The abbreveation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.
Reduction
The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction.
Ionization
The seperation of an adom or molecule into a positive and negative ions
Elements
The simplest form of chemical matter; an element canot be broken down into a substance without a loss of identity.
Atom
The smallest chemical component (Often called particals) of an elements; structures that make up the elementand have the same properties of an element.
Organic chemistry
The study of substances that contain the element carbon
Inorganic chemistry
The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
solvent
The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution
Solute
The substance that is dissolved the solute and makes a solution.
States of matter
The three different physical forms of matter- solid, liquid, and gas
Water-in-oil emulsion
abbreviated W/O emlusion; water droplets are emulsified in oil.
Emulsion
an unstable physical fixture of two or more immiscible substance (substances that normally will not stay blended) plusa special ingredient called an emulsfier