Acids and Bases
weak acids
these acids are partially ionized in the solution
strong acids
these acids dissociates completely in water
acid
any substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of the hydrogen ion, H⁺.
base
any substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of the hydroxide ion, OH⁻.
Bronsted-Lowry concept
explains acid-base reaction which occurs in the absence of water. Not all acid base reactions occur in aqueous solutions.
strong bases
hydroxides of Grp IA and Gro IIA (except Be) metals.
Arrhenius concept
(1884) defined acids and bases in terms of their effect on water
HAsO₄²⁻
Give the conjugate base of H₂AsO₄⁻?
HCO₃⁻ base HF acid H₂CO₃ conjugate acid F⁻ conjugate base
Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reeaction: HCO₃⁻+ HF↔H₂CO₃+F⁻
HCO₃⁻ acid OH⁻ base CO₃²⁻ conjugate base H₂O conjugate acid
Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reeaction:HCO₃⁻+ OH⁻↔CO₃²⁻+H₂O
weaker
In general, the stronger a base, the _______ its conjugate acid
weaker
In general, the stronger an acid, the ______ its conjugate base
Cl⁻ is the proton donator NH₃ is the proton acceptor
In the reaction HCl + NH3→NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻ which is the proton donor and acceptor?
NH₃ is the base, HCl is the acid
In the reaction HCl + NH₃ --> NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻ which is the acid and which is the base
NH₄⁺ is the conjugate acid Cl⁻ is the conjugate base
In the reaction HCl + NH₃ --> NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻ which is the conjugate acid and which is the conjugate base?
stronger
The weaker a base, the _____ its conjugate acid
stronger
The weaker and acid, the______ its conjugate base
HCN, OH⁻
What are the products of the following acid base reaction? CN⁻+H₂O
HSO₃⁻, HPO₄²⁻
What are the products of the following acid base reaction? H₂SO₃ + PO₄³⁻
H₂O, HSO₃⁻
What are the products of the following acid base reaction? H₃O⁺ + SO₃²⁻-->
OH⁻, OH⁻
What are the products of the following acid base reaction? O²⁻+H₂O-->
Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowry acid
What types of acids is HCl?
Bronsted-Lowry base, not an Arrhenius base (because it has no OH in the formula)
What types of bases is NH₃?
CH₃CH₂NH₃⁺
What's the conjugate acid of CH₃CH₂NH₂?
CH₃OH₂⁺
What's the conjugate acid of CH₃OH?
HCl
What's the conjugate acid of Cl⁻?
H₂PO₄⁻
What's the conjugate acid of HPO₄²⁻?
HS⁻
What's the conjugate acid of S²⁻?
PO₃⁻
What's the conjugate base of HPO₃²⁻?
HCrO₄⁻
What's the conjugate base of H₂CrO₄?
NH₃
What's the conjugate base of NH₄⁺?
CN⁻
Whats the conjugate base of HCN?
Br⁻
Which is a weaker base, Br⁻ or F⁻?
the base
Which is the proton acceptor, acid or base?
the acid
Which is the proton donor, acid or base?