Acids and Bases

acid

A chemical compound that dissociates into a hydrogen ion(s) and a negatively charged ion when mixed with water

base

A chemical compound that dissociates into hydroxide ion(s) and a positively charged ion when mixed with water

Solution

A mixture of two or more substances that is homogeneous or the same throughout.

What properties make acids and bases chemically reactive?

Acids release H+ ions when they are mixed with water and bases remove H+ ions when they are mixed with water.

What is the relationship between the pH of a solution and the concentration of H+ ions?

As the pH of a solution increases, the concentration of H+ ions decreases as the concentration decreased 10 times the pH increased by 1 pH unit. As the concentration increased 10 times the pH decreased by 1 pH unit.

What is the relationship between the concentration H+ ions in the solution and the chemical reactivity of strong and weak acids?

Stronger acids are able to release more H+ ions when mixed with water resulting in a higher concentration of H+ ions. Weaker acids release fewer H+ ions resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions.

What is the relationship between the concentration of H+ ions in the solution and chemical reactivity of strong and weak bases?

Stronger bases are able to remove more H+ ions when mixed with water resulting in a higher concentration of H+ ions. Weaker bases remove fewer H+ ions resulting in a higher concentration of H+ ions.

How can the concentration of H+ ions be changed?

The concentration of H+ ions can be changed by diluting the solution by adding more solvent.

Hydrogen ion

When an acid is mixed with water, it dissociates into a negatively charged ion and a hydrogen ion H. A hydrogen ion is a hydrogen atom that has lost 1 electron, so only the nucleus and its single proton remain.

Solute

The substance that changes state when a solution is prepared or is present in the smallest amount.

Solvent

The substance that does not change state when a solution is prepared or is present in the largest amount. In the context of these Investigations, the solvent is water

Hydroxide ion

When a base is mixed with water, it dissociates into a positively charged ion and a hydroxide ion, OH-. A hydroxide ion is a water molecule that has lost a hydrogen ion, H+, leaving its electron.

Dissociate

When a chemical compound is dissolved in a solvent, usually water, and separates into two or more ions.

What happens to the concentration of H+ ions when an acid and a base are reacted?

When an acid and a base react, H+ ions OH- ions react to produce water and decrease the concentration of H+ ions.

molecule

a base of matter that is in constant motion

ion

a chemical compound that has a negative or a positive charge. A cation is positively charged and an anion is negatively charged.

pH scale

a linear scale from 0 to 14 that is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

proton

a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom

elements

a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles of matter

electron

has a negative charge and has no mass

neutron

has no charge; found in the nucleus of the atom

isotopes

have a different atomic mass because it has a different amount of protons and neutrons

concentration

the ratio of the amount of solute to the volume of a solvent. concentration is usually expressed as a certain mass or volume of solute that is dissolves in in 1 millimeter, 100 millimeters or in 1 liter

atom

the simplest part of matter

dilution

when a less concentrated solution is prepared by adding additional solvent

neutralization

when an acid and a base react to form a water molecule(s) and reduce the hydrogen ion concentration