ADRE 6401 - FINAL
Test translation
- creating alternate language versions to accommodate the test takers
Match the practical application/definition with the Cattell, Horn, and Caroll's theory of intelligence: Lynn demonstrates her mastery of power tools thanks to her high school shop class
- crystallized intelligence
Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire
- deals with the assessment of lifestyles in six areas.
Cattle-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive ability
-Fluid intelligence vs. crystallized intelligence. -has had a significant impact on many of the tests have been constructed or revised since 1990
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: Susie's interactions with her supervisor and coworkers
Work Behavior Observations
Rose is meeting with Thomas to discuss his rehabilitation goals. During the session, Rose recognizes Thomas has an insufficient awareness of his abilities. In order to resolve this issue, Rose will need to explore carefully Thomas' _____ qualifications.
Work-related
Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT8)
group intelligence test for kindergarten through 12th grade -seven levels -yields verbal and nonverbal scores based on the 36-item subtests and a total IQ score.
Personality Assessement Inventory (PAI)
has 22 sub scales
interpersonal intelligence
interaction with an understanding of others
naturalistic intelligence
knowledge and understanding of nature
Torrence test of creativity
most widely used to assess creativity -consist of both verbal and nonverbal forms of assessing four creative abilities: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration.
Person-centered lens:
understand the client's problems from the perspective of conditional worth and the absence of authenticity and will rely on interventions that reflect a belief in the provision of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruency as the medium of change.
Behavioral lens:
understand the client's problems in terms of maladaptive learning and will likely be drawn to interventions that rely on learning principles and behavioral rehearsal
Four Acculturation Models -
(a) Assimilation model: a client identifies only with the dominant or host culture, denying the value systems of their culture of origin (b) Separation model: the client identifies only with the values of the culture of origin (c) Integration model/biculturalism: the client identifies with the values from both the culture of origin and the dominant culture Marginalization model: a client rejects behaviors and beliefs from both the culture of origin and the dominant culture
Three Relationship Levels
(a) Conceptual level - involves clients' and counselors' perceptions of honesty, motivation, empathy, and credibility (b) Behavioral level - the degree of competence for both the counselor (e.g. level of training, specific expertise) and the client (e.g. ability to follow directions and implement skills learned in counseling) (c) Cultural level - the universalist view that assessment is equally effective across multicultural interactions as long as the counselor displays both cultural sensitivity and cultural competency
Types of Assessment Bias: Response
- clients use a response set to answer test items, or a tendency to respond in a particular manner no matter the test content
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV
alternative to the MMPI-2, diagnoses psychopathology.
Coping with Health Injuries and Problems Inventory
- can be used both to examine the psychological strategies a client is using to cope with physical health problems and to suggest more effective ones.
Most workers' compensation systems require that claimants meet certain criteria to be eligible for vocational rehabilitation services. These criteria are:
(a) as a result of the injury, consumers cannot return to the job or employer they had at the time of the injury and (b) consumers must be able to benefit from vocational rehabilitation
Vocational rehabilitation in the private, profit-making sector usually involves many types of consumers:
(a) the consumer who returns to his or her former employer in the same or modified job, (b) the person with a disability who would like the same job, but with a different employer, or a different job entirely, (c) the consumer who wishes to be retrained for new employment; and (d) the consumer who needs independent living
Match the practical application/definition with the Cattell, Horn, and Caroll's theory of intelligence: Carlos, who has a brain injury, has to figure out how to change to oil in his car
- Fluid intelligence
Match the practical application/definition with the Cattell, Horn, and Caroll's theory of intelligence: John has a spinal cord injury and he learns to use an adapted joy stick to navigate his wheelchair
- Fluid intelligence
Big Five
- Neuroticism (insecure v. self confident), Extraversion (outgoing v. shy), Openness (imaginative v. concrete), Agreeableness (empathetic v. hostile) , and Conscientousness (well-organized v. impulsive)
Draw-A-Person Tests/Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test
- a brief, nonverbal test to assess cognitive development - particularly in minority children and those with a language disability.
AnimaLogica
- a dynamic assessment of the analytical reasoning of children, with analogies presented typically in a 2 x 2 format
Tennessee Self-Concept Scale
- a famous measure of self-concept, assesses self-concept in terms of identity, feelings, and behaviors
Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV)
- a nonverbal assessment test using the types of nonverbal items found on the other Wechsler instruments. It contains six subtests similar to the Wechsler measures and has a brief version using only two subtests
Cultural-fair intelligence tests
- a paper-and-pencil test that has no verbal content and is designed to reduce the effects of educational background and cultural influences. The test consists of four parts in multiple-choice formats: (a) Progressive series completion - a figure must be chosen to complete the series (b) Classification - the object is to choose the figure that is different from the series (c) Matrices - the pattern of change occurring in the figures must be completed Conditions - the alternative with conditions similar to those of the example figure must be chosen
Logical Content Method
- a test developer indentifies statements that seem to be related to the content of the characteristic being assessed; item selection
Raven's progressive matrices
- a widely used cultural-fair test that requires the examinee to solve problems involving abstract figures and designs by indicating which of various multiple-choice alternatives complete a given matrix
Columbia Mental Maturity Scale
- an assessment to evaluate reasoning ability for children ages 3-10 who have sensory, motor, or speech deficits. From a group of 3 to 5 drawings, a child is asked to select the drawing that does not belong
Types of Assessment Bias: Examiner
- an examiner's beliefs affect the administration of the assessment
Types of Assessment Bias: Interpretative
- an examiner's interpretation of assessment results provides an unfair advantage or disadvantage to a client
Supports Intensity Scale
- assesses support requirements in the 57 life activities and in 28 behavioral and medical areas
Culture-fair tests
- attempt to minimize cultural bias as much as possible, tend to be associated with intelligence tests
Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales
- available in a survey interview, expanded interview, and parent/caregiver and teacher rating forms. These scales were developed from the original measures designed to assess social competence
Criterion group method
- begins with a sample with known characteristics, such as a group of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. An item pool is then administered to individuals in the known sample to the control group.
Response set
- bias associated with test responses refer to situations when items elicit responses not intended by the test
Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale
- designed for children in Grades 3-12, written at 3rd Grade level. -Projective assessments fall into five categories: (a) association to inkblots or words, (b) story construction or sentences, (c) sentence or story completion, (d) picture arrangement/selection or verbal choices, and (e) drawing or playing techniques.
Job Matching
- focuses on applicant's demonstrated skills, experiences, home, family, friends, neighborhood, informal supports, preferences, connections, and need for accommodation
Unstructured personality assessments or projective assessments
- involve a counselor presenting unstructured tasks to the examinee, whose responses to these tasks are expected to reflect the needs, inner states, experiences, and thought processes.
Theoretical method
- items are developed to measure constructs represented by a particular theory of personality
Types of Assessment Bias: Content
- items are more familiar to one group, thus favoring that group. Items are not relevant for the group being tested
Types of Assessment Bias: Omission
- items are worded in a way that ignores the possibility of one's membership in a minority group. That is, a group is omitted from reference
Coppersmith Inventories
- measure self-esteem, named so individuals taking the exam do not know what is being measured.
Multicultural assessment
- practices in which counselors attend to the role of a multitude of intersecting cultural variables (e.g. race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, ability status) play in how client concerns are expressed, conceptualized, and treated within counseling
Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly
- provide information for diagnosing DSM Axis I disorders. There are 10 clinical scales, along with 3 validity scales
Cultural Assessment Interview Protocol
- qualitative assessment tool with 11 categories of information to inform other clinical information, including assessment data from other tools. These categories include problem conceptualization and attitudes toward helping, cultural identity, level of acculturation, family structure and expectations, level of racial/cultural identity, experiences with bias, immigration issues, existential/spiritual issues, and the client's perception of the provider's cultural identity and behaviors
Behavioral Academic Self-Esteem
- rating scale for teachers to use in evaluating a student's performance
Wechsler Memory Scale
- receiving considerable use because of growing importance in assessing memory functions in an increasing aging population of older adults. An individually administered battery designed to assess a full range of memory functions in line with current theories of memory and to distinguish normal memory loss from the early symptoms of dementia
Test adaptation
- refers to changing an existing assessment tool to meet the needs of a cultural group not included in the original norm sample
Fairness
- refers to efforts to create equitable experiences for test takers, free from bias
Projective hypothesis
- responses to ambiguous stimuli reflect a person's basic personality Four methods have been used to construct objective personality inventories: (a) logical content, (b) theoretical content, (c) criterion group, and (d) factor analysis.
Types of Assessment Bias: Contiguity
- scales intended to evaluate mental disorders appear alongside scales that describe characteristics of minority groups
Structured personality assessments or objective assessments
- standardized self-report measures that often use some forced-choice response format • structured assessment data indicate personality traits, types, and so on
Employability
- supported employment operates under the belief that everyone of age is able to work.
Types of Assessment Bias: Selection and prediction
- test results are used inappropriately for employment or college admissions. Results lead to differential prediction for any minority group
Types of Assessment Bias: Situational
- testing conditions affect individuals differentially
Types of Assessment Bias: Conceptual
- the assessment does not measure the same construct across cultures
Types of Assessment Bias: Technical
- the assessment method is not comparable across cultures
Acculturation
- the degree to which immigrants identify with and conform to a new culture of a host society, or the degree to which they integrate new cultural values into their current value system
Model identification & integration model
- the importance of exploration of the world & self is stressed, with the idea that the consumer can than identify personal strengths and weaknesses affecting the vocational plan. Then the professional assists the consumer in understanding the personal relevance of these discoveries.
Types of Assessment Bias: Criterion
- the interpretation of variables for the group being tested differs when compared to the norm group
Clinical Decision Making
- the intricate decisions professional counselors make when they assess the degree of severity of a client's symptoms, identify a client's level of functioning, and make decisions about a client's prognosis
Types of Assessment Bias: Semantic
- the meaning of test items is not the same for all cultures being tested
Dynamic testing
- the process by which information regarding one's ability is learned from immediate instruction and feedback loops, may help to address some of the limitations of traditional aptitude and intelligence tests
Factor-analytic method
- the second method using empirical strategy in test development; examines the intercorrelations between all of the items on an inventory.
Wechsler Scales
-David Wechsler believed the Stanford-Binet was not adequate for measuring adult intelligence and that there needed to be a more age-appropriate test for adults. He also believed the Stanford-Binet placed too much emphasis on language and verbal skills, so he developed a totally different performance scale measuring nonverbal intelligence.
Stanford-Binet
-best known intelligence test in the world -used as the gold standard against which all other intelligence tests being developed were validated
multidimensional aptitude battery-II (MAB-II)
-developed by Douglas Jackson -group administered paper-and-pencil test to yield the same types of results and scores as the WAIS
California Psychological Inventory
-developed to measure constructs that individuals typically use to describe themselves and groups around them, a popular inventory because it assesses an individual's strengths and positive personality attributes.
Types of Assessment Bias: Connotation
-items with negative connotations reference minority groups
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)
-only takes 15-30 minutes -appropriate for individuals ages 6 to 89 -results are less stable and less clinically impactful.
primary mental abilities
-seven abilities proposed by Thurstone as crucial to intelligence -verbal comprehension, word fluency, numerical ability, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning • These abilities were correlated with one another, indicating a general factor with seven second-order factors.
Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT)
-six core subtests and four additional subtests in an expanded battery and is normed for ages 11 to 85 years
s factor
-specific to a test or subtest
Kaufman Batteries
-use Laria's neuropsychological theory of intelligence. -PASS Model: Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive
Two competencies for rehabilitation professionals:
1) An understanding of problems that impair consumer efforts to obtain work. These problems can pertain to work experience, job availability, or the desirability itself. 2) Knowledge of the world of work. To select a vocational objective, consumers also need to understand job requirements and local employment conditions. To gain this understanding usually implies that the professional possesses this information and is able to communicate it effectively to the consumer.
Siefker's (1992) vocational evaluation considerations:
1) Become medically familiar with the types of disabilities that are common in insurance rehabilitation. 2) Obtain complete information regarding the rules and regulations governing the system or jurisdiction in which one is working, and become familiar with insurance and insurance terminology. 3) Recognize time and financial guidelines that are available. An evaluation program with individuals who already have a work history may have to be completed in a day or two. 4) Think in terms of returning the worker to the job or employer he or she had at the time of the injury. 5) Be familiar with the emotional aspects of loss, because many injured workers go through the grieving process for an extended period of time. Phrase recommendations in terms of what they will cost in both time and money. Dollar savings to the insurance company and cost effectiveness are essential ingredients for vocational planning with injured workers.
Adjustment Process
1) Coping 2) Focus 3) Blame 4) Societal Influence
How Vocational Profiles differ from Traditional Assessment/Evaluation Procedures:
1) Vocational profile consists of already-existing information rather than information developed for the evaluation 2) Used as a guide for matching an individual to an appropriate job and not intended to exclude a person from a certain job 3) Seeks to have ecological validity rather than predictive validity 4) Frees the applicant from needing to take standardized or norm-referenced tests to prove their readiness. 5) A person's skills, experiences, available supports, preferences, needs, and living situation cannot be best captured in a standardized checklist. 6) Seeks to empower and involve applicants, and their family/friends rather than exclude.
Steps to reach rehabilitation goals:
1) Vocational rehabilitation evaluation • initial interview • qualified injured worker assessment • job analysis • information analysis (medical, personal, social, work, history, vocational testing and work evaluation, and labor market analysis) 2) Development of vocational objectives 3) Development of rehabilitation plan 4) Plan implementation 5) Job placement and follow up Case closure
Wonderlic Personnel Test
12 minute test of general cognitive ability that consists of 50 questions -The test is often used to determine whether individuals have the capacity to learn and solve problems. • Wonderlic Personnel Test most often used in business • Scholastic Level Exam most often sued in educational settings
Jack, who is African American, is meeting with his vocational counselor to obtain the results of his assessment. During the session, his counselor provides recommendations in terms of ____ so Jack can decide on his occupational choices.
Alternatives
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: Idiosyncratic information about Susie that helps to explain family or social influences on her current behaviors
Background
Spearman's g factor
Charles Spearman (1863-1945), applied his work in factor analysis and correlation. Asserted that intelligence consisted of a single general (g) factor and several specific (s1, s2, ...) factors Spearman believed the g factor was more influential in understanding intelligence than s factors. • This perspective was too simplistic because it ignored group factors in test scores. • Spearman was one of the first people to look at intelligence and try to develop a model.
First step in assessment process?
Check in with the client - how did they feel at the time of the assessment
What is the last step of the assessment process?
Communication of findings
DO A CLIENT MAP:
D: What is the diagnosis? O: What are the outcome objectives? A: What types of information need to be gathered to develop effective treatment? C: What counselor characteristics will facilitate effective treatment? L: Where should treatment be located (outpatient/inpatient/etc) I: What types of interventions are indicated by literature? E: What should be the emphasis of treatment (present, past, future, insight-oriented, supportive, etc.) N: How many people should be involved in the treatment and who? T: How frequent and long should counseling sessions be? M: Is a medication evaluation indicated? A: Are there other adjunctive services that support treatment? (AA, etc.) P: What is the prognosis? What outcomes can be realistically expected?
Match the types of interpretation to the best description. Rose is a vocational counselor who is conducting an assessment with Pete: Rose is conducting a vocational assessment interview in order to find Pete's hobbies, vocational interests, and strengths
Descriptive
Rose is meeting Jack to discuss the results of his VR testing. The interpretation process employed by Rose is: Introduction, Explaining the results, Conclusion. What is missing from her process?
Discussing the original purpose of the assessment
Gary is an older adult, who has been deaf since childhood. Karen, Gary's vocational case manager, recently developed Gary's vocational profile. As part of the process she involved family members and friends as a way to ____ Gary.
Empower
Match the types of interpretation to the best description. Rose is a vocational counselor who is conducting an assessment with Pete: Upon completion of Pete's vocational assessment, Rose compares Pete's results with occupations listed in the O*Net to find possible matches
Evaluative
T or F: Due to the strong psychometric properties of intelligence tests and the consensus of test developers and users as to the definition of intelligence as a construct, a counselor can place a great deal of confidence on the results of intelligence tests in planning. Additional information is helpful though not entirely needed.
False
T or F: Extroversion and introversion have universal definitions and consequently the same meanings across all inventories like the MBTI and the NEO-PI
False
T or F: Supported employment, which served as the catalyst for assessment in the environment, is also based on the train-place model that insures and individual is ready for employment at the time of placement
False
T or F: The TN Self-Concept Scale is similar to all of the other personality related instruments because it was designed and developed for people without a disability
False
In his article, Long uses a type of approach to assess a client's need and communication skills required to be successful. This approach is known as:
Gap analysis approach
multiple intelligences
Gardner theorized that intelligence is more than a general factor and noted that there are eight types of intelligence -musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
Match the types of interpretation to the best description. Rose is a vocational counselor who is conducting an assessment with Pete: Rose is concerned about Pete's low score on an aptitude test that seems to contradict his successful performance on his last job. She decides to explore with Pete any family or work-related obstacles that may have contributed to the low scores
Genetic
Wechsler or Stanford-Binet should be used to evaluate what?
Giftedness, though there is no test developed specifically for this purpose.
Sandy is assessing Mr. Mann on the job. While watching him work, Sandy observes Mann is having difficulty reading due to his poor eyesight and insufficient lighting. Sandy has a brighter light installed in Mann's office. Sandy assisted by providing ________.
Intervention
Historical issues with IQ:
It did not measure above 20 years of age, it was also viewed by the public as "fixed" rather than the results of a certain test at a specific point in time.
What is the primary goal of vocational assessment of industrially injured workers?
Job Placement
Neptune is trying to assess the job skills and abilities of a client diagnosed with sever physical disabilities. Neptune has never assessed someone with physical disabilities. Which of the following best describes the issues he faces as the evaluator?
Lack of knowledge and practice of assessment
Pearl Crebs has been asked to observe and record what she learns. The purpose of the record is to increase Pearl's self-reflection and self-evaluation, and to be used for future problem-solving. Pearl is using what type of assessment:
Learning log or journal
As part of the process of conducting a situational assessment, Mrs. Plunkett accessed the client's _____ preference. Specifically, Mrs. Plunkett evaluated if the client acquired information by reading, by demonstrating, or by hearing.
Learning-style
A personality inventory may have items like I am always honest or I smoke too much pot. The basis for item creation was deductive logic. What best describes the method used to construct this inventory?
Logical content
Rose is examining the results of a client's vocational assessment. As part of interpreting the results objectively, she decides to conduct an analysis of the scores by converting raw scores to standard scores and percentile rankings. This type of interpretation is known as:
Mechanical interpretation
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: How well Susie is able to ride the bus to/from work
Observations
Ms. Molly Brown is meeting with Caledon to discuss the results of an assessment. In order for this meeting to go well, Molly must understand Caledon's ____ of the results, or his view and expectations of the rehabilitation process.
Perception
The MMPI is to pathology as the 16PF is to:
Personality
In personality testing, what is the Barnum effect?
Personality tests are unregulated and fake tests that have no psychometric or theoretical foundation. These are available online and in magazines. If used, the results have no clinical significance.
Match the types of interpretation to the best description. Rose is a vocational counselor who is conducting an assessment with Pete: During a vocational assessment, Rose examines factors that may contribute to Pete's vocational or training success
Predictive
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: Suggestions for training to enhance Susie's employability
Recommendations
triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg assumes that intelligence is based on how well the individuals process information. Essentially, there are three types of intelligence that interact with one another: componential intelligence, experiential intelligence, and contextual intelligence
Bob Square works at the Krusty Krabb through a supported employment program as a fry cook. His case manager would like to come by and observe Bob in the work setting, appraise his work performance, identify some vocational goals, and explore Bob's satisfaction with the job. Essentially, the case manager is conducting what type of assessment?
Situational assessment
Cal has received the outcome of his assessment and he reluctantly believes the results. The first thing his counselor needs to do to alleviate his concerns is to help Cal identify the ____ of his reluctance.
Source
The most popular individual intelligence tests are:
Stanford-Binet, Wechsler scales, Kaufman batteries, Das Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System, and the Woodcock-Johnson tests
Banks Waller has just completed a situational assessment, and is working to link the client to a job site through the supported employment program. To ensure the process is feasible, Banks will need to safeguard against _____.
Stereotyping
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: Listing of strengths and barriers to employment
Summary
Patrick Star, a young adult diagnosed as high-functioning on the Autism spectrum, would like to find a job. His friends have heard of a program that helps individuals with severe disabilities find and keep jobs. The ____ ____ program provides on-the-job training, helps integrates client's into the work site, and provides ongoing supports.
Supported employment
The results of Brock's vocational assessment may be viewed as negative by Brock. His VR counselor, Ruth, has decided to use the results as a learning opportunity for Brock which will also be a ____ and _____ for her.
Teaching and Counseling
Match the section of the report that would typically include the statement for client Susie: Brief description of the Beta4 IQ test with interpreted results
Test Results
Malcolm abused alcohol for many years and is currently in recovery. He has been sober for less than a year. He has been diagnosed with post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) that causes him to have delayed speed of mental reaction. Malcolm is considering a return to community college and both Malcolm and his counselor think an IQ test may help them to decide on this plan of action. What is a risk to Malcolm if he takes an IQ test at this time?
The test may amplify his PAWS and produce inaccurate results
Sandy Checkers is working with a client with severe disabilities. Sandy is trying to assess the client's employability, using a _____ assessment. However, the assessment provides Sandy with only a yes or no answer, and does not fully assess the client's true potential.
Traditional
T or F: Brock's counselor is meeting with him to go over the results of a vocational personality assessment. The results are provided in a non-test, subjective, theory-based manner. The type of interpretation employed by the counselor can be identified as a 'Clinical' interpretation:
True
T or F: Females score higher on tests of verbal ability, males score higher on tests of numerical and spatial aptitudes
True
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II)
a children's intelligence test permitting unusual flexibility in its administration
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
a personality inventory developed through the factor-analytic technique used by Cattell and others.
Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies - (MSJCC)
a set of guidelines that calls attention to the awareness, knowledge, skills and counseling and advocacy interventions required to counsel in a multiculturally competent manner Includes four developmental domains: counselor self-awareness, counseling relationship, client worldview, and counseling and advocacy interventions
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
a system of psychological types of conceptualizing observations and readings; based on Jung's concepts that different types of people have different perception and judgment.
Flynn effect
a trend in which mean IQ scores have increased over time. In the United States, this has been a 3-point increase per decade.
spatial intelligence
ability to work with a 3-dimensional objects
Crystallized intelligence
an individuals ability to solve problems and make decisions on the basis of acquired knowledge, experiences, and verbal conceptualizations. -result of experiential and cultural learning throughout ones lifetime • Most tests in the content areas of verbal reasoning and quantitative reasoning would be considered crystallized intelligence • Most tests in the content areas of abstract/visual reasoning would be considered fluid intelligence.
NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
assesses the Big Five personality factors.
Stanford-Binet
became the best-known intelligence test in the world and was used as the gold standard against which all other intelligence tests being developed were validated. The 1916 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale had a number of weaknesses, and was therefore revised to produce the 1937 scale in two parallel forms (L and M). The ratio IQ score was eliminated, and standard scores were calculated to provide each age with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. A 1960 revision was developed, and that revision was restandardized in 1972 to provide more adequate norms intended to be representative of the entire U.S. population. • the test yields a Full Scale IQ Score, Nonverbal and Verbal IQs, and five factor indices: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory. • The test was originally developed for children, with few difficult questions being added for adults.
BASIC ID MODEL:
behavior, affect, sensations, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, drugs, biology Treatment plans include: (a) problem selection, (b) problem definition, (c) goal development, (d) objective construction, (e) intervention creation, (f) diagnosis determination
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Fourth Edition
brief (10-15 minutes) screening test of listening comprehension and verbal ability
Wide range intelligence test
brief, individually administered test of intellectual ability for ages 4 to 85 -Contains 4 subtests that yield verbal (crystallized) IQ and a visual (fluid) IQ.
Integrated lens:
clients are viewed holistically and seen as biologically grounded, thinking, feeling, and behaving people embedded in a particular social, cultural, and political contexts.
Awareness
cognizant of their won worldview and combination of privileged and oppressed statuses
The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 (P.L. 93-112) defined supported employment as:
competitive work in integrated settings for individuals with severe handicaps for whom competitive employment has not traditionally occurred, or for whom competitive employment has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of severe disability, and who, because of their handicap, need on -going support services to perform such work. (p. 1811)
cognitive abilities test
composed of three batteries assessing verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal abilities -Form 6, assess verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal abilities. Best for use with school-aged children.
bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
control of bodily movements
g factor
could be surmised from any broad range of cognitive tests -more influential to understanding intelligence than s factor -spearman focused most of his theory description on this
Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle
deals with lifestyle behaviors, perceptions, and attitudes
The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
define fairness in four ways 1) There is the absence of bias 2) There is equitable treatment of all test takers 3) Those with equal standing on a particular test construct should score equally no matter the group membership 4) Test takers have an equal opportunity to learn (p. 70-71)
Millon Index of Personality Styles
designed to assess personality styles for adults within a normal range.
TEMAS (Tell-me-a-story):
designed to be used with dominant and ethnically diverse individuals ages 5 to 18. TEMAS is a projective test that uses culturally relevant pictures and offers parallel forms for use with nonminority and minority children; it includes 23 cards with positive and negatives narratives, of which 11 are gender specific.
Battery for Health Improvement 2
designed to identify relevant factors that may interfere with health improvement or injury recovery
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
developed for use with children 4 to 6.5 years of age -current version administered to children ages 2.6 - 7.7 • Vocabulary, Picture Naming, Block Design, Object Assembly, Information, Word Reasoning, Comprehension, Matrix Reasoning, Picture Concepts, Bug Search, and Picture Compeletion (p. 194).
Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System
developed to provide a broader measure of children cognitive abilities -Contains 13 subtests, yields four scales labeled Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive, and a full-scale score (M = 100, SD = 15).
Skills
engage in skill development to communicate, apply and assess the knowledge
Situational assessment
essentially the observation of people in work set- tings. It involves a practice of observing, evaluating, and reporting over a period of time. During this assessment, a consumer's behavior and work performance while working in a job situation with other employees is observed.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
evaluates individuals with mental disorders and aids counselors and other helping professionals in treatment planning.
Knowledge
familiar with how their cultural identity plays out in their personal and professional experiences
Fluid intelligence
individuals ability to be adaptable and flexible in solving new problems, independent of previous knowledge
Action
make changes on a personal and professional level through cultural immersion and professional development opportunities
Eligibility
medical and psychological data is used to determine eligibility for rehab services
Models of supported employment:
models include (a, :7t: individual placement approach, in which individuals are placed in reguar community jobs and support is provided at the work site as needed (b) the enclave approach, which consists of a small group (commonly eight individuals, trained and supervised together in the midst of an ordinary, mainstream work environment; (c) the mobile crew approach, in which a singular purpose business is established by a service provider, such as janitorial and grounds-keeping services, and crews of about five work under an individual supervisor; and (d) the bench-work approach, which offers more individualized, supervisory attention than the other approaches and frequently addresses behavioral problems that exceed a mobile crew's ability to respond. In most of these approaches, support for the consumer is continuous and long term.
Counselors may underdiagnose (i.e. provide less severe diagnoses or not diagnose at all), particularly when symptoms or presenting concerns do what?
not fit nicely into established (often Western-based) diagnostic criteria or are congruent with how a counselor stereotypes a client of a particular cultural group
contextual intelligence
one's actions toward the environment, including selecting, adapting to, and influencing ones surroundings
musical intelligence
performance and composition of music
logical-mathematical intelligence
problem-solving ability
Culture-free tests
provide items that are equally familiar to all groups, with items and procedures that are equitable to all groups
Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test - (NNAT)
provides a measure of nonverbal measuring and problem-solving ability based on the use of progressive matrices with shapes and designs that are not unique to any cultural group
Bias
refers to score differences or differences in findings (artificially low or high) that lead to differential ways these data are used for various groups and subgroups
experiential intelligence
results from behaviors and experiences
intrapersonal intelligence
self-awareness
Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive abilities
series of 20 intelligence tests first developed in 1977 -based in the Cattle-Horn-Carroll theory of intelligence and produce three composite scores, seven factor scores
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests -measures general intelligence through 15 subtests • The 15 subtests of the WAIS-IV are Block Design, Similarities, Digit Span, Matrix Reasoning, Vocabulary, Arithmetic, Symbol Search, Visual Puzzles, Information, Coding, Letter-Number Sequencing, Figure Weights, Comprehension, Cancellation, and Picture Completion. • The subtests load on four factors (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed), and represent fluid and crystallized intelligence, ultimately a g factor of intelligence. • The Letter-Number sequencing, Figure weights, and Cancellation subtests should only be used with individuals aged 16 to 69.
componential intelligence
the internal components or mechanisms, which include executive function, performance, and knowledgable-acquisition components
What happens when counselors are unaware of their clients' racial and ethnic identity?
they tend to provide less severe diagnoses than when they do know the racial and ethnic identity
Match the practical application/definition with the Cattell, Horn, and Caroll's theory of intelligence: Carman has really fine finger dexterity
this is neither type of intelligence, it is an aptitude
linguistic intelligence
use of language
Shipley Institute of Living Scale
used as a brief screening device for overall intellectual ability -60-item intelligence test. IQ and standard scores are obtained based on age-adjusted norms.
Kiersey Temperament Sorter II
used for personnel, consulting, and training settings.
Test of Cognitive Skills
was originally designed to be the group test equivalent of Stanford binet -four tests associated with this tool: sequences, analogies, memory, and verbal reasoning -contemporary version of the long-used California Test of Mental Maturity-Short Form; designed to be the group-test equivalent of the Stanford-Binet and to yield scores similar to those that would be obtained by individually administering the Stanford-Binet.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6-16 years, 11 months. • originally developed for children ages 6 to 16 years, 11 months • includes five primary index scales, five ancillary index scales, and three complementary index scales. • The Five primary index scales: verbal comprehension, visual spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. • Ancillary scales: quantitative reasoning, auditory working memory, nonverbal, general ability, and cognitive proficiency • Complementary scales: naming speed, symbol translation, and storage & retrieval
Tips for using a translator
• Employ a translator that shares the client's racial and ethnic background as well as a similar linguistic expression within that background • Select an individual who has training in mental health issues and cultural-related syndromes • Use a sequential mode of translation • Facilitate the relationship building between the translator and client prior to the assessment • Have the translator provide a sentence-by-sentence translation to avoid missing important details • Avoid using technical terms with the client, and have the client describe in his or her words the reason he or she is in counseling • Anticipate that using a translator during the clinical interview or other assessment procedure will take twice as long • Consider the potential effect of the translator when interpreting clinical data • Consider the translator's level of acculturation in relation to the client's level of acculturation • Avoid employing a relative or friend of the client as a translator • Avoid asking the client's bilingual child to serve as a translator