Adv. Bio Chapter 17
Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the function of a protein?
A base deletion near the start of the gene.
What is the energy source for translation?
ATP & GTP
Termination
After polymerase transcribes past the signal sequence premiers anger RNA is cut and released.
What is a ribozyme?
An RNA with enzymatic activity
Missense
Base pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
mRNA
Carries genetic info from DNA to protein synthesizing machinery of the cell
Nonsense
Changes amino acid codon to one of the 3 stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
4 states of polypeptide synthesis
Codon recognition, polypeptide Bond Formation, translocation, termination.
The template for transcription is?
DNA
Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that includes what?
Excision of introns (cutting out)
A mutation in which part of a gene is likely to be the most damaging to a cell?
Exon
What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?
Exons
What are polyribosomes?
Groups of ribosomes greeting a single messenger RNA simultaneously.
Frame shift
Happens when # of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of 3, resulting in the improper grouping of the subsequent nucleotides into codons.
What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?
Hydrogen bonding between base pairs
A frame shift mutation could result from either ____ or _____ of a base.
Insertion; deletion
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?
It introduces a premature stop codon into the messenger RNA
rRNA
Most abundant type of RNA; makes up ribosomes
Small nuclear RNA
Part of splysosome that plays a catalytic role in splicing pre mRNA
What is the product of translation?
Polypeptide
What is the product of transcription?
Pre-mRNA
During splicing, which molecular component of the spliced some catalyzes the excision reaction?
RNA
The template for translation is?
RNA
Elongation
RNA polymerase 2 moves along the strand connecting RNA nucleotides
What is the energy source for transcription?
Ribonucleotide triphosphate
Initiation
Transcription factors bind to a promoter and RNA polymerase 2 separates DNA strands.
tRNA
Transfers Amino Acids from the cytoplasm pool of amino acids to a ribosome
If the triple of bases coding is DNA is AAA. What is the anticodon on tRNA?
UUU
Silent
When base pair substitution does NOT Change amino acid transition.
What is the most abundant type of RNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)