Adv. Bio Chapter 17

Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the function of a protein?

A base deletion near the start of the gene.

What is the energy source for translation?

ATP & GTP

Termination

After polymerase transcribes past the signal sequence premiers anger RNA is cut and released.

What is a ribozyme?

An RNA with enzymatic activity

Missense

Base pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

mRNA

Carries genetic info from DNA to protein synthesizing machinery of the cell

Nonsense

Changes amino acid codon to one of the 3 stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.

4 states of polypeptide synthesis

Codon recognition, polypeptide Bond Formation, translocation, termination.

The template for transcription is?

DNA

Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that includes what?

Excision of introns (cutting out)

A mutation in which part of a gene is likely to be the most damaging to a cell?

Exon

What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

Exons

What are polyribosomes?

Groups of ribosomes greeting a single messenger RNA simultaneously.

Frame shift

Happens when # of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of 3, resulting in the improper grouping of the subsequent nucleotides into codons.

What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?

Hydrogen bonding between base pairs

A frame shift mutation could result from either ____ or _____ of a base.

Insertion; deletion

What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

It introduces a premature stop codon into the messenger RNA

rRNA

Most abundant type of RNA; makes up ribosomes

Small nuclear RNA

Part of splysosome that plays a catalytic role in splicing pre mRNA

What is the product of translation?

Polypeptide

What is the product of transcription?

Pre-mRNA

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliced some catalyzes the excision reaction?

RNA

The template for translation is?

RNA

Elongation

RNA polymerase 2 moves along the strand connecting RNA nucleotides

What is the energy source for transcription?

Ribonucleotide triphosphate

Initiation

Transcription factors bind to a promoter and RNA polymerase 2 separates DNA strands.

tRNA

Transfers Amino Acids from the cytoplasm pool of amino acids to a ribosome

If the triple of bases coding is DNA is AAA. What is the anticodon on tRNA?

UUU

Silent

When base pair substitution does NOT Change amino acid transition.

What is the most abundant type of RNA?

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)