AEMT 2020 QUIZ 12****

What physiologic response causes a vasovagal reaction?

Vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure

Damage control resuscitation focuses on:

maintaining circulating volume; controlling hemorrhage; and correcting coagulopathy, acidosis, and hypothermia.

You and your partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary survey reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation, and consider requesting a paramedic unit.

The secondary stage of syphilis is characterized by:

mucous membrane lesions and a rash.

The mouth, nose, and other body orifices are lined with _______, which secrete a watery substance and provide a protective barrier against harmful agents.

mucus membranes

You have delivered a full-term baby at the residence of a 30-year-old female. During your assessment of the infant, you note that it is pulseless and apneic, has a foul odor, and has skin blisters. This situation is most appropriately managed by:

not attempting resuscitation and providing emotional support to the mother.

Major events that typically occur during the first trimester of pregnancy include all of the following, except:

notable movement of the fetus by the mother.

When treating a woman with vaginal bleeding and signs of shock, you must:

observe standard precautions.

When providing positive-pressure ventilations and chest compressions to a newborn, you should:

pause after every third compression to deliver a ventilation.

Approximately 1 week following her menstrual period, a 33-year-old female complains of bilateral lower abdominal quadrant pain, vaginal discharge, and fever. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:

pelvic inflammatory disease.

The ability of a person to effectively compensate for acute blood loss is most directly related to the:

rate of blood loss.

After blood diffuses across the capillary membrane and perfuses the cells, it:

returns waste products to the right side of the heart, starting with the venules.

The degradation of dead muscle tissue is called:

rhabdomyolysis.

A 50-year-old male with a blood sugar level of 38 mg/dL would be expected to present with all of the following, except:

severe dehydration.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it:

slows the heart rate by decreasing SA node discharge.

The corpus luteum is a(n):

small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle.

When cleaning around her empty swimming pool, a 30-year-old female fell into the deep end of the pool. She presents with decreased sensation and movement in her lower extremities, a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg, and a heart rate of 50 beats/min. What is the most likely etiology of this patient's condition?

Disruption of the nervous system and relative hypovolemia

When assessing a 70-year-old male with suspected internal bleeding, which of the following findings would be most pertinent?

Dizziness or syncope upon standing.

Which of the following statements regarding schizophrenia is correct?

Early-onset schizophrenia may be associated with brain damage.

During your assessment of a 30-year-old pregnant patient, you determine that she has given birth to two children and has had one miscarriage. You should document her obstetric history as:

G3, P2, A1.

How would you classify a woman who has been pregnant twice, had a miscarriage with her first pregnancy, and is now in active labor?

Gravida 2, para 0

Which of the following statements regarding hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is correct?

HHS is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath.

Which of the following questions would be of least pertinence when obtaining a focused history of a patient with an acute onset of chest discomfort?

Have you ever been told you have low blood pressure?

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

Internal injury caused by an electrical burn is usually more severe than the external burns indicate.

Which of the following weapons would most likely result in the largest surface area of tissue damage?

12-gauge shotgun

Which of the following is the most acute and serious complication associated with a break in the integrity of the skin?

Loss of fluids

Which of the following would you expect to encounter in a patient with Kussmaul breathing?

Low end-tidal carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements regarding the 12 cranial nerves is correct?

They arise from the brain and innervate the head and face.

Appropriate management for a patient with a serious closed injury and signs of shock includes all of the following, except:

15- to 20-inch elevation of the lower extremities.

A 1-year-old female sustained blunt abdominal trauma following a motor-vehicle crash in which she was not properly restrained. Significant signs and symptoms will most likely occur after as little as ____ mL of blood loss.

100

A 32-year-old male was involved in a motorcycle crash and sustained bilateral femur fractures as he was ejected over the handlebars of his bike. He is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. On the basis of his injury, what is the approximate volume of blood that he has lost?

2 L

In full-term or preterm newborns, hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level of less than ____ mg/dL.

45

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the most appropriate method of moving a patient?

A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

Which of the following conditions would result in the most rapid loss of consciousness?

Acute hypoglycemia

Which of the following medications would interfere with the body's hemostatic effect?

Anticoagulants

Which of the following conditions would be the least likely cause of mental incapacitation?

Chronic hyperthyroidism

In which of the following patients would it be most appropriate to administer oral glucose?

Confused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately

Which of the following statements regarding multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is correct?

MODS occurs when injury or infection triggers a massive immune, inflammatory, and coagulation response.

In which of the following circumstances should you remove an impaled object?

Metal shard in the cheek and inadequate respiratory effort

Which of the following is the most serious postpartum complication?

More than 500 mL of blood loss before delivery of the placenta

Which of the following formulas would you use to convert a larger unit of weight to a smaller one?

Multiply the larger unit of weight by 1,000.

Which of the following is the most reliable sign of a potentially violent patient?

Physical activity

Which of the following injuries or conditions would most likely overwhelm the body's hemostatic response and result in death?

Ruptured aortic aneurysm

Which of the following best describes the Fowler position?

The body is supine on an incline with the feet higher than the head.

What is the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes?

There is increased insulin secretion and decreased cellular sensitivity to insulin.

A 21-year-old male has lost approximately 35% of his blood volume following a penetrating injury to the chest. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you not expect to see?

Widened pulse pressure

A behavioral crisis occurs when:

a reaction to an event interferes with daily living activities.

A 25-year-old female, who is in the third trimester of pregnancy, was involved in a motor-vehicle crash and was not wearing a seatbelt. She complains of severe, tearing abdominal pain. She is experiencing dark red vaginal bleeding, and is exhibiting signs of shock. On the basis of the mechanism of injury and her clinical presentation, you should be most suspicious for:

abruptio placenta.

Oogenesis results in the transformation of:

an oocyte to an ovum.

You are assessing a 4-year-old male who was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical socket. He is conscious and alert and complains of pain to his left hand, where you find a small entrance wound. When treating this child, you should:

anticipate extensive internal injuries.

A patient has severe bleeding from a large laceration to the anterior forearm. Direct pressure is not immediately effective in controlling the bleeding. You should:

apply a tourniquet above the level of the bleeding.

You are dispatched to a local nightclub for a patient who has been stabbed. After arriving at the scene and ensuring you and your partner's safety, you find the patient sitting on the ground. He is conscious, screaming in pain, and attempting to control bright red blood that is spurting from his groin area. After taking standard precautions, you should:

apply direct pressure to control the bleeding.

A utility worker was trimming branches away from a high power line when he accidentally cut the power line. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should begin CPR and then:

apply the AED as soon as possible.

A 46-year-old female presents with respiratory difficulty, facial swelling, and widespread hives after she was stung by an unknown type of insect. Her blood pressure is 88/58 mm Hg; auscultation of her lungs reveals diffuse expiratory wheezing. The patient has a prescribed EpiPen, but has not used it. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:

assist the patient with her EpiPen in accordance with your protocols.

A 56-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. His wife tells you that he complained of chest discomfort a few days prior, but would not allow her to call EMS. Your assessment reveals rales in the apices and bases of both lungs. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

You respond to a domestic dispute, where a middle-aged male was stabbed in the chest by his wife. Your assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. The knife is impaled in the center of his chest. You should:

carefully remove the knife, control the bleeding, and perform CPR.

The spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord and:

carry signals to and from the body.

Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasps are most indicative of:

cerebral anoxia.

Rapid isotonic crystalloid boluses in a patient with cardiogenic shock would most likely result in:

congestion of blood in the lungs.

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note the presence of meconium on its face. After suctioning the mouth and nose, you complete the delivery. Your assessment reveals that the infant is vigorous, crying loudly, and has good muscle tone. Appropriate management includes:

continuing your assessment as usual and providing prompt transport.

Immediate treatment for a patient with an open soft-tissue injury includes:

control of active bleeding.

Following an electrical burn, estimating the extent of the BSA involved is:

difficult because the degree and depth may be greater internally than externally.

A 22-year-old female complains of pain during sexual intercourse. This is referred to as:

dyspareunia.

Acute abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding during the 23rd week of pregnancy could be caused by any of the following, except:

ectopic pregnancy.

The movement and utilization of oxygen in the body is dependent on all of the following, except:

effective alveolar-capillary osmosis.

Pregnancy hormones cause the _______ of the uterus to thicken in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg.

endometrium

Insulin maintains homeostasis by:

facilitating cellular glucose uptake.

A 20-year-old male was shot multiple times during a drive-by shooting. You arrive at the scene, which has been secured by law enforcement, and approach the patient. He is semiconscious and is bleeding heavily from the chest. You should:

follow proper standard precautions.

Minimum standard precautions when delivering a baby include:

gloves, gown, and facial protection.

Glycogenolysis is a metabolic process in which:

glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose.

The metabolic conversion of glucose into energy is called:

glycolysis.

Prior to applying a tourniquet to a profusely bleeding injury, you should take standard precautions and then:

hold direct pressure over the bleeding site.

Descent of the fetal head to the pelvic inlet (lightening) occurs:

in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Stimulation of beta1 receptors causes a positive inotropic effect, resulting in:

increased cardiac contractility.

Patients with a hemorrhagic stroke typically experience a rapidly declining level of consciousness because of:

increasing intracranial pressure.

A patient with a possible stroke is a potential candidate for fibrinolytic therapy unless he or she:

is experiencing an intracranial hemorrhage.

A hemostatic agent is useful in controlling external bleeding because:

it causes enhanced clot formation at the wound site.

When a patient's blood glucose level increases significantly, the:

kidneys excrete excess glucose via water.

When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, it is important for you to:

let the patient tell you what happened in his or her own words.

A 32-year-old female complains of acute lower abdominal pain that began approximately 1 week after her menstrual period ended. Her blood pressure is 116/66 mm Hg, heart rate is 96 beats/min, and respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth. Further assessment reveals that she is running a fever of 101.6°F. Treatment for this patient should include:

placing her in a position of comfort, starting an IV line at a KVO rate, and transporting to an appropriate hospital.

When collecting potential evidence at the scene of a sexual assault, you should place any items in paper bags, because:

plastic bags may develop condensation and could destroy the evidence.

A 67-year-old male who smokes three packs of cigarettes per day complains of a productive cough, chills, and generalized weakness. He is in mild respiratory distress; auscultation of his lungs reveals rhonchi to the lower left lobe. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

pneumonia

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia.

When managing an adult patient with an inhalation injury, inspiratory stridor, and an altered mental status, you should:

prepare for early definitive airway management.

When assessing a female patient with chest pain and shortness of breath, you note that her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, her heart rate is 120 beats/min, and she has cyanosis around her mouth. In addition to supporting her ventilations, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

An individual who poses a threat to the safety of his or her family, friends, or the AEMT is experiencing a(n):

psychiatric emergency.

A 49-year-old female was the victim of a sexual assault. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert and is breathing adequately. There is no gross external bleeding, and her vital signs are stable. You should:

question her as to the events of the assault.

When assessing a woman in labor, the AEMT's only sources of information regarding the stage of labor that she is in are:

questioning the patient and visually inspecting for crowning.

Following severe maxillofacial trauma, a 16-year-old male presents with oropharyngeal bleeding and poor respiratory effort. You should:

suction the oropharynx.

Patients with internal bleeding are in most need of:

surgical intervention.

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:

tachycardia, weight loss, and hyperactive reflexes.

An embryo becomes a fetus in the ____ week of pregnancy.

tenth

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when:

the body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source.

As the baby begins to deliver, you note that it presents in a vertex position. This means that:

the head is the presenting part.

Death immediately following a burn is most commonly the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation.

The most important prehospital treatment for an abnormal fetal presentation is to:

transport the mother as soon as possible.

Compared to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation is advantageous because it:

utilizes less energy to achieve effective defibrillation.

Cardiac asthma is a condition in which a patient:

with congestive heart failure experiences wheezing due to constricted bronchi.

A violent patient should never be restrained in a prone position because:

you cannot effectively monitor the patient's airway.

Index of suspicion is most accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.