jc science chemistry acids bases pH

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greater than

In an acid solution [H+] is greater than/less than [OH-]

less than

In an basic solution [H+] is greater than/less than [OH-]

The pH Scale

The pH scale is a means to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral. Acids have a pH lower than 7 and bases have a pH higher than 7.

taste bitter, corrosive, poisonous, change litmus paper blue, slippery

What are the properties of bases?

an acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor

What is Bronsted-Lowry Theory?

pH=-log[H+]

What is the equation for pH?

Acid+Base<--> Salt (metal+nonmetal) + Water

What is the word equation / formula for Neutralization of an acid and a base?

fish, crops, and forests suffer when ____________

acid rain falls

litmus paper

an indicator paper that turns red in an acid and blue in a base

an acid + a carbonate releases

carbon dioxide gas and leaves a salt and water

Acid

formula for ______________most likely starts with an H or finishes with H

Hydrochloric Acid

helps break down food in your stomachtaste sour, corrosive, poisonous, change litmus paper pink, electrolytes (do NOT dissociate), can react with active metals to make hydrogen gas What are the properties of acids?

acid + reactive metal produces

hydrogen gas and a metal salt

pH scale

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. 0-6 is acids 0 being the strongest, 8-14 is bases14 being the strongest and 7 being neutral

universal indicator can be used to______________

measure pH

Hydroxyl

negative ion made up of an atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen OH-

Neutral

neither acidic or basic

[H+]

pH scale is based on...

acid

pH scale: 1-6.999

base

pH scale: 7.0001-14

phenolphthalein

reacts with pH's of 8.3 to 10.0 turns pink when higher than 8.3 and lower than 10.0

Contains bases

soap, detergents ________________

Salt

substance formed from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base

Indicator

substance that changes color in an acid or base

Acid

substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Base

substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

Neutralization

the reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

On rare occasions (1 molecule in every 554 million in pure water) water will interact in such a way that creates two forms of water ● Hydronium⁺ simplified to H+ ● Hydroxide⁻

● H+ and OH- concentrations are equal in pure water ● Adding certain solutes (acids and bases) alters H+ and OH- concentrations ● H+ and OH- very reactive ● Can drastically affect cellular chemistry

Buffers

● Minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution stabilising ph when small quantities of acid or base are added ● When pH rises, donate H+ ● When pH drops, accept H+

Acid - Defined

● Substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Base - Defined

● Substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

metal hydroxide

How do you name most bases?

Acids

________________ give substances a sour taste

calibration of pH meter

_______________________ has to be done using known buffers, after changing batteries

Bases

_______________________ tend to feel slippery on skin

Bases are

_________________________ proton accepters

Acids are

_________________________proton donnors

Cabbage juice

_______________________is a natural liquid indicator

hydroxyl ion

_______________is composed of 1 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

pH meter

a device used to determine the pH of a solution by measuring the voltage between the two electrodes that are placed in the solution,


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