jc science chemistry acids bases pH
greater than
In an acid solution [H+] is greater than/less than [OH-]
less than
In an basic solution [H+] is greater than/less than [OH-]
The pH Scale
The pH scale is a means to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral. Acids have a pH lower than 7 and bases have a pH higher than 7.
taste bitter, corrosive, poisonous, change litmus paper blue, slippery
What are the properties of bases?
an acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor
What is Bronsted-Lowry Theory?
pH=-log[H+]
What is the equation for pH?
Acid+Base<--> Salt (metal+nonmetal) + Water
What is the word equation / formula for Neutralization of an acid and a base?
fish, crops, and forests suffer when ____________
acid rain falls
litmus paper
an indicator paper that turns red in an acid and blue in a base
an acid + a carbonate releases
carbon dioxide gas and leaves a salt and water
Acid
formula for ______________most likely starts with an H or finishes with H
Hydrochloric Acid
helps break down food in your stomachtaste sour, corrosive, poisonous, change litmus paper pink, electrolytes (do NOT dissociate), can react with active metals to make hydrogen gas What are the properties of acids?
acid + reactive metal produces
hydrogen gas and a metal salt
pH scale
measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. 0-6 is acids 0 being the strongest, 8-14 is bases14 being the strongest and 7 being neutral
universal indicator can be used to______________
measure pH
Hydroxyl
negative ion made up of an atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen OH-
Neutral
neither acidic or basic
[H+]
pH scale is based on...
acid
pH scale: 1-6.999
base
pH scale: 7.0001-14
phenolphthalein
reacts with pH's of 8.3 to 10.0 turns pink when higher than 8.3 and lower than 10.0
Contains bases
soap, detergents ________________
Salt
substance formed from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base
Indicator
substance that changes color in an acid or base
Acid
substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Base
substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
Neutralization
the reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water
On rare occasions (1 molecule in every 554 million in pure water) water will interact in such a way that creates two forms of water ● Hydronium⁺ simplified to H+ ● Hydroxide⁻
● H+ and OH- concentrations are equal in pure water ● Adding certain solutes (acids and bases) alters H+ and OH- concentrations ● H+ and OH- very reactive ● Can drastically affect cellular chemistry
Buffers
● Minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution stabilising ph when small quantities of acid or base are added ● When pH rises, donate H+ ● When pH drops, accept H+
Acid - Defined
● Substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution
Base - Defined
● Substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution
metal hydroxide
How do you name most bases?
Acids
________________ give substances a sour taste
calibration of pH meter
_______________________ has to be done using known buffers, after changing batteries
Bases
_______________________ tend to feel slippery on skin
Bases are
_________________________ proton accepters
Acids are
_________________________proton donnors
Cabbage juice
_______________________is a natural liquid indicator
hydroxyl ion
_______________is composed of 1 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
pH meter
a device used to determine the pH of a solution by measuring the voltage between the two electrodes that are placed in the solution,
