AFAS 220 Final Exam Study Guide

How did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 strengthen previous laws?

The law would punish (by fines or imprisonment) ordinary citizens who failed to capture runaways.

How did whites justify racism in the 1830's and 1840's?

Many whites actually began to denounce racism in this time period.

What is true about farmers in the South during the later 19th century?

More than half were tenants, renting land rather than owning it.

Which of the following is true about racially integrated schools in the South in the decades following Reconstruction?

No integrated schools were established immediately after Reconstruction

What were conditions like for most urban blacks during the 1960's?

Economically, most blacks were far worse off than white Americans.

How did the government incorporate blacks into the workforce to prepare for WW2?

It was overcoming the idea of racism even prior to the war.

After Reconstruction, white people expected blacks to observe certain rules of etiquette. Which of the following is not true?

Black and white people could shake hands, but only if the black person did not look the white person in the eye.

Although the Great Awakening included elements of equality, some factors pushed blacks to organize their own churches. Which was not one of those factors?

Black men were never allowed to hold leadership roles or become preachers in the church.

Which of the following statements is true about black military service during the Civil War?

Black soldiers were paid less because whites thought they would only be used for menial work.

Which of the following is true about the role of black women in the NAACP?

Black women often made huge contributions through organizing and fundraising.

Which of the following statements about segregation is true?

Blacks faced many difficulties trying to ride public transportation, although they often had no choice but to attempt to ride them.

What was generally not a characteristic of black society during the Great Depression

Blacks often refused to help others, since they barely had enough money or resources to even feed their families.

What were some of the difference between life for a black soldier and life for a white soldier?

Blacks received far worse food rations, equipment, and horses.

Which of the following is not a reason why northerners began to lose interest in black issues in the mid 1870's?

Blacks were generally happy with the results of the Enforcement Acts as well as the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. They thought they should be able to work through things on their own.

What types of skilled jobs were black men able to find?

Shoemakers or barbers

How did black slaves demonstrate some of their African culture though their every day lives?

Slave women created African-style head wraps and clothing

What is generally not a characteristic of chattel slavery, which began to develop in the British colonies in the 1660's?

Slaves lost many of their legal rights, although they could still be married in the eyes of the law

In the British colonies, slaves generally had the same status as domestic animals. What was the main exception to this rule?

Slaves were held responsible for any violations of civil or criminal law

Why didn't the British establish colonies as rapidly as the Spaniards?

The english monarchy was not as wealthy as the Spanish monarchy, the English people were going through a lot of religious turmoil with the protestant Reformation, and the climate in North America was far different than that in England.

What were the goals of the American Colonization Society?

To gradually free slaves, through purchasing them, and send them to Africa.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

An outpouring of literary and artistic work from blacks during the 1920's

What was not a reason to promote migration?

The railroads saw it as a way to make more money.

How did some black legislatures try to gain land for blacks?

They made taxes on large landowners so high that they would have to sell their land.

What did the black arts movement see as the role of art in black life?

Art should be combined with involvement in politics and community life to help blacks gain status.

Which of the following was not true about the black elite?

Complexion played no role in status in urban areas

What was not true about Marcus Garvey and his ideas?

Garvey was very poorly educated, since he grew up in Jamaica and left school at age 14.

Why did many African Americans support John Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election?

He made several important gestures, including helping King be released from jail.

How did the relationship between African Americans and labor unions change during the 1930's?

In the 1930's, more labor unions allowed black membership, and some even began integrated unions.

What affect did the great depression have on black music?

It greatly reduced record sales, which had flourished in the 1920's.

What is true about the end of Reconstruction?

It left few lasting benefits for blacks.

From where did the term Jim Crow come?

It was a black-face minstrel act of the 1840's

Which of the following statements is not true about the actions of the Ku Klux Klan?

It was generally only popular among the poor whites who resented both elite whites and blacks.

Why have some blacks criticized gangsta rap?

Its lyrics are often anti-women, violent, and offensive.

What African characteristics did second generation slaves lose in America?

Language and ethnic identity

Which of the following is true about Union treatment of souther blacks during the war?

Like urban whites, they also engaged in acts of enormous brutality, including rape and murder

Why did Washington reconsider his initial ban on black slaves serving in the army?

Lord Dunmore's proclamation seemed to give him greater strength and power.

What was often the problem with enforcement of laws against the actions of the Ku Klux Klan?

Many times, local law enforcement or white troops sided with the Klan against the blacks.

Why did most African American intellectual leaders owe more to the Great Awakening that to secular learning during the Enlightenment?

Religious learning had been more available to them than secular educations.

Garvey wanted to establish a settlement in Liberia. What stopped him?

The American, British, and French governments blocked his requests to the League of Nations, since they wanted to maintain power for themselves

Which of these was not a reason why the British abolished the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1807?

The British had begun to believe that racism was scientifically incorrect, and should not be a part of their belief system.

What effect did the discovery of tobacco as a cash crop in Virginia have on the colony's labor supply?

The British needed more labor, although they initially turned to their "undesirables" as a source.

Why did the Harlem Renaissance end?

The Great Depression devastated book sales across the country

What factor led to the abolition of slavery in the North?

The North's economy was not as dependent on slavery as the South's

Which of the following is true of the Spanish Empire in America?

The Spanish, Indian, and African cultures intermingled in these areas

What was the problem with the labor contracts for many blacks?

The contracts were rarely done voluntarily, or on an equal basis Blacks ended up at about the same station as during slavery

African Americans made many gains through the American Revolution. What was one of the limitations that they encountered?

They faced many economic difficulties, made worse by whites limiting training and entry into certain fields and trades.

Why were black political leaders not more successful in their goals?

They faced overwhelming opposition, not only from Democrats, but also from white Republicans on a number of issues

Why did some blacks begin to oppose colonization (return to Africa)?

They felt that they were Americans and entitled to all the rights of white people.

How did Enlightenment thought affect African Americans in the 1760's and 1770's?

They filed lawsuits in the North, escaped from the South, and protested in large numbers

Which statement best describes African Americans' actions during the American Revolution?

They fought for the side that offered them their best chance at freedom

How did the work of black women vary from that of black men?

They frequently had to work longer hours, since their tasks included being domestic servants.

What did many of the race riots of the early twentieth century NOT have in common?

They generally led to some sort of improvement in race relations.

What is true about most rural black families in the South after Reconstruction?

They generally stayed in the south , under desperate conditions of poverty .

What problem did farmers not face during the later nineteenth century?

They had easy access to railroads at very cheap prices.

What was not true about the black upper-class in the early twentieth century?

They had wealth close to that of the wealthiest whites.

Which of the following is true about the difficulties faced by black artists in the 1930s and the 1940s?

They often had to depend on whites for the financial backing to publish their work.

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of education to blacks after Reconstruction?

They saw education and freedom as closely linked, and often went to great lengths to form schools and attend them.

Which of the following is not true about black officeholders during Reconstruction?

They were always well qualified for their office.

What do the Proclamation Line of 1763, the Stamp Act of 1765, and the Townshend Acts of 1767 have in common?

They were efforts by the British to establish more control over the colonies, and bring in money, after the French and Indian War.

What were some of the limitations of black teachers in the South?

They were often poorly educated themselves

Which of the following is true about blacks in the American Anti-Slavery Society?

They were often refused leadership roles or large influence in decisions.

Why did the Freedmen's Bureau try to get blacks to sign labor contracts with white landowners?

They were pressing for economic stability in the area that needed labor to produce crops.

The early status of blacks in North America under the British colonies was initially unfree, but they were not slaves. Why was this so?

Unlike Spain and Portugal, England had no legal experience with slavery, and had no codes to guide them.

What was the Tuskegee Experiment?

When the federal government sponsored a health study that monitored, but did not treat, black men with syphilis

What was not a belief of the Nation of Islam?

White and blacks should integrate and work together, since they were both equal in God's eyes

Why was there so much violence in the South after Reconstruction?

White southerners were frustrated by loss of civil war and resented Africans acquiring freedom and status

Which of the following is not true about African American's cultural influence on whites?

Whites refused to eat African-style cooking, forcing them to make European-inspired dishes like fried chicken, black-eyed peas and collard greens.

What form did the violence in the South take after the Revolution?

Widespread and took any form and any level of brutality.

What types of labor were most common for slave women?

field labor, throughout the history of slavery

What was the first concern many African americans once they achieved freedom?

reuniting with lost family members

What event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?

the arrest of Rosa Sparks, a local seamstress and civil rights activist

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

to help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to freedom

What was Lincoln's initial aim of the civil was when it began in 1861?

to preserve the union, without regard to ending slavery

Men like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, in writing the Declaration of Independence,

took for granted, frequently noted and accepted differenced between the rights of white men and the rights of black men.

What were grandfather clauses?

voting restrictions in which a person could vote only if father or grandfather could vote at the end of 1860