africa
Diversity
many different oral traditons.
Monks of Zagwe
men who carved multiple storied churches into solid rock
monk
men who dedicate themselves to worshiping God
natural resources
natural materials that people can use to meet their needs
how have natural resources affected west african. history?
natural resources were very important because they helped people get everything needed and wanted, and they were natural so they never ran out and didn't have to be man-made.
main rivers in africa
nile, congo, niger,senegal, zambezi, & orange
griot
Fessional storytellers or oral historians who are the keepers of west African history
Greco Roman
Greek and roman
Christianity in Axum
Grew after 340
lineage
Group of people descended from a common ancestor
sundiata embraced what and made the empire the center for what groups learning and art and brought back many scholars from his trip to where?.
He embraced Islam and made the empire a center of muslim learning and art.
What 2 things did Sundiata do to make his kingdom prosper and spread?
He gained control of the gold-producing regions, and he embraced Islam.
How did Mansa Moussa is high and caravan show he was a great leader how did monster high a caravan show he was a great leader
He led 12,000 officials and things and more than 80 camels loaded with bags of gold dust traveled with him across the desert
Sundiata called himself Mansa or emperor why do you think you did so
He rebooted the empire and took over territories
Why was sundiata a national hero in Mali
He started a new empire, and took over the former territory of Ghana
families in Africa. Give examples to back up your answer
In Africa ,and especially Ghana, families were very important. Each family made a clan, and an example is the Sisse clan who formed the ruling class. Each family have their own skill that they specialized in. Families are very important to survival.
Metal discoveries in West Africa, helped build the empires there.
In Ghana they learned how to work with metal for tools & weapons. They made these tools in Nok. They used Iron because it was much harder. Iron tools helped farming. There were Iron spears and swords.The more food the more people.
African tales were designed to teach and entertain. What fills that role in our society
In our society churches and school education fill those roles. I think this because we practice and learn our religions at church and at school we learn about different cultures and different religions.
how does labor specialization help a society?
It helps because they can "divide & conquer" jobs, so there is enough resources for everyone
why was salt so valuable in west Africa?
It was one of their main items that were traded
Why do so many people still speak the languages of Mali and Songhai
It was their religions language
Why would it be important for a Griot to have a long and accurate memory?
It would be important because a griots main job is to tell the oral traditions to people but if they can't remember exactly the story could change or even not be passed down.
Sundiata
King that freed the mali kingdom
food supplies grew in early Africa, people were able to do
Labor specialization
important because of Africa's lack of natural harbors?
Labor specialization became more important because so the civilization can have enough of the materials that are traded over seas. and the trans saharan trade route.m
Describe two ways Mali became the center of learning
Mansa Musa brought scholars and artists, and teachers & Timbuktu was the center of learning
Who ruled during Mali's most prosperous times and made the empire larger?
Mansa Musa ruled during the most prosperous time.
How did controlling the gold salt trade make Songhai the largest empire in west Africa
Many countries needed those supplies so they made I saw plus of supplies that were traded in returnx
Emporer
Most power, and the highest social power
What is your favorite African proverb?
My favorite proverb is "No matter how long the night, the day is sure to come"
What things caused the Ghana Empire to decline?
Over populations, food shortages, and over dependence on trade made The Ghana empire to decline.
Rain
Rain is vital to life in africa, the people live were there is most
Stone towns
Settlements that turned into city states
How was timbouctu to a great center of scholarship
Students and teachers from north Africa and the middle east traveled to Timbuctu to study
Sundiata ruled which new kingdom
Sundiata ruled Mali.
What role do oral traditions play in africa?
Teaching and learning about their culture and way of life
What kingdom began to grow after Ghana and took over most of the land of Ghana?
The Mali kingdom.
2 largest rivers in West Africa
The Niger River & The Senegal River
What did Ghana controlling prices of gold do for the empire?
The controlling of prices made the kings extremely wealthy.
Labor specialization
The division of jobs and skills in a society
islamic law
The laws based on the quaran
Ghana had conquests, what job did the new leaders give to the people who were conquered?
The people became slaves, and they were traded for salt, etc.
Islamic scholarship
The scholars learned to read and write.
The sahara
The worlds largest desert, measured 3.5 million square miles
oral traditions say _____________about africa
There is a lot of music and dance passing down the traditions.
Why are stories and tales important?
These are important because some of the morals that the africans go by are contained in these stories. Also these could contain stories of past ancestors.
why were some kings of Ghana so wealthy?
They became rich from the gold & salt trade
why were oral traditions so important?
They can teach and entertain other people from different cultures. They are passed down.
What role do oral traditions play in our culture?
They can tell longer and better stories to the people they are telling it to
What did Ghana's rulers controlled to keep the prices high?
They controlled the gold taken from the land and claiming the gold theirs, and they taxed imports and exports.Removed gold from the markets
why were griots important before writing was adopted in west Africa
They kept and spread the history of Africa
What did Ghana being on the Saharan trade route and many traders passing through there do for the empire?.
They taxed them so the rulers became rich. Allowing trade and cultures to spread.
What did Ghana trade for salt and other goods?
They traded gold and ivory, & slaves.
Arab and Berber traders
They traveled across the sahara and trade gold, salt,horses. cloth, swords , and books.
Ghana was religiously tolerant and welcomed who or what group?.
They welcomed Muslims.
West Africa and North Africa had a very good business relationship. Explain in detail why it was a good relationship.
They welcomed each other's traders. It was a good relationship because they spread Islam to to West Africa. They also spread ideas to each other.
explain how ancient Ghana became powerful and then declined
They welcomed many north african traders, which brought Islams to west africa, but then there were food shortages and an over dependence on trade.
slavery
They were in the lowest level & were enslaved for different reasons
Africa's coastline, with its lack of natural harbors, discouraged
This discouraged seagoing trade.
Gold supply
This was controlled by the kings of ghana, and was taxed imports and exports
Axum
an empire located in northeast africa
economy
based on trade
North African traders brought Islam.
brought Islam to West Africa?
ethiopia
center of christianity
caste
determined that individuals place in the social structure
most used musical instrument in africa
drums
ghana kingdom
existed untill 1235 CE & became rich from the gold and salt trade
scholarship
formal studying and learning
caravan
large group that travels together
trans saharan trade route
large route where are the main trading took place in africa, it was there main source of resources
mali kingdom
lasted from 1230-1600
songhai kingdom
lasted from early 1500s to late 1600s
King sonni ALi
late 1400s
the nile
the longest river in the world reaching to 4132 miles long
Meditteranean zone
the northern tip of afica
describe how the Sahara and region south of the Sahara differ from each other
the region south produced ivory & gold, and the other relied on gold & salt
the swalhi culture was like many of the east african cultures
they adopted islam and they traded
kush and axum were alike because...
they both traded on the red sea
africans are very good at this...
trading resources
polyrhythmic drumming
two or more different rhythms at the same time
oral tradition
when they used oral history poetry folktales and saying both to teach and entertain
savanna
A broad grassland with scattered trees
kindship
A connection based on family relationships
Stele
A grand stone pillar
Plateau
A raised but flat region
proverbs
Wise sayings
port cities
a city that has a port for their main trade
trans Saharan
a major trade route across the Sahara
the civilizations of africa started by these
places with water, clay, lots of food, easy transportation, and fertile soil.
dynasty
ruling family
Ethnic group
social unit with distinct culture language and identity