Africa Study Set

Southern Africa's Cape Floral Region is one of the world's richest areas for plants. The Cape Floral Region covers less than ___1____ percent of Africa, but it is home to nearly ___2____ percent of the continent's plants.

1) 0.5, 2) 20

Today, 1) percent of Africa's rain forest is in central Africa. It is along the 2) River basin.

1) 80, 2) Congo

It is bounded by the 1) Sea, the 2) Sea, the 3) Ocean and the 4) Ocean

1) Mediterranean 2) Red 3) Indian 4) Atlantic

1. Two major land types A. Lowlands a. ___1____ AND ___2_____ B. Highlands a. _____3____ AND ____4____ b. Peaks => Kenya and Tanzania

1) North 2) West 3) South 4) East

The 1) is a narrow band of 2) land that forms a transition zone between the 3) to the north and the 4) to the south

1) Sahel, 2) Semi-arid, 3) Sahara, 4) Savannas

Lake __1_____, the largest lake in Africa, is the southern source of the ___2____ River, the longest river in the world.

1) Victoria, 2) Nile

The ------1----- season is when it an drivers overflow the banks and flood the plains, while the -----2--- season is when the river dries up and leaves barely any water

1) Wet, 2) Dry

A. Four Climates, name them

1) desert (arid), 2) equatorial, 3) tropical, 4) semi-arid

The Sahara has a number of distinct physical features, including 1), 2), 3) and 4)

1) ergs, 2) regs, 3) hamadas and 4) oases

Ergs cover _____ percent of the Sahara. They are sand dunes that stretch for hundreds of kilometers at heights of more than 1,000 feet

20

The Sahara is in the northern part of Africa and makes up ___ percent of the continent

25

A ________-mile patch could contain up to 400 bird species, 150 butterfly species and 60 species of amphibians. Important mammals include African forest elephants and gorillas.

4

About ___ percent of the Sahara's population lives in oases even though oases make up only 800 square miles of the desert

75

The Ethiopian Highlands began to rise ____ million years ago

75

The African rain forest's plants include an estimated __________ known plant species. More than 1,100 of these species are endemic, or found nowhere else on Earth.

8,000

Saharan plants survive thanks to root systems that plunge as far as ___ feet underground

80

The Ethiopian Highlands are home to _____ percent of Africa's tallest mountains

80

Most of Africa's native rain forest has been destroyed by __________, ___________ and _____________

Development, agriculture and logging

A _________ _______ conserves water by changing its body temperature so it doesn't sweat as the day gets hotter

Dromedary Camel

I am the prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall; a shortage of water resulting from this.

Drought

lack of rain

Drought

D. _________ side of Plateau higher than ______ a. East => __,000 ft above sea level b. West=> __,__00 ft above sea level

East, West, 5, 1, 5

divided in half almost equally by the

Equator

B. Equatorial a. Two rainy seasons and two brief dry seasons b. At equator c. High temps. and rainfall of 50-60" d. Rainforests with 195' trees

Equatorial

I am a type of river that begins in a wet climate and flows theough a dry climate with little precipitation

Exotic River

We are two or more faultsets that interconnect

Fault systems

I am the type of soil or land producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops.

Fertile

Southern Africa is the center of Africa's well-known _____ __________. They protect animal species such as lions, elephants, baboons, white rhinos and Burchell's zebras.

Game reserves

Great Rift Valley filled with water to form _______ _______

Great Lakes

The Great Lakes are located in nine countries that surround the _____ _____ ____

Great Rift Valley

This dome was later split as Africa's continental crust pulled apart, creating the ____ ____ ____ system

Great Rift Valley

_____ ______ Valley becomes larger than as East Africa moves away from rest of Africa and forms an island, this is how ______________ became an island

Great Rift, Madagascar

I am the geographic depression or trench that runs from south west asia through eastern africa to the country of mozambique

Great rift valley

________ ____________ has diminished the number of plant species in this region

Heavy farming

The Swahili Coast stretches about 1,000 miles along the ______ Ocean. It runs from Somalia to Mozambique

Indian

I am a way of supplying water to an area of land, often for farming.

Irragation

Highest is Mt. ____________________

Kilimanjaro

There are seven major African Great Lakes, name them.

Lake Albert, Lake Edward, Lake Kivu, Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Turkana and Lake Victoria

As the African continent separated from Saudi Arabia, large, deep cracks were created in the Earth's surface. These cracks were later filled with water. This geologic process created some of the _______ and ________ lakes in the world

Largest and deepest

That is when _______ from Earth's mantle uplifted a broad dome of ancient rock

Magma

_______________ forests are the most common vegetation on the Swahili Coast.

Mangrove

________________ have exposed root systems. This allows the trees to absorb oxygen directly from the air, as well as from the nutrient-poor soil.

Mangroves

The Sahel contains the fertile delta of the ______ River

Niger

A. ________ River a. North flowing b. Mountains of Central Africa to Med. Sea c. Longest river in world

Nile

I am a person or a group of people that move often from place to place; normally in the sahara

Nomads

cannot be replaced or or only replaced after millions of years (ex. diamond and copper)

Nonrenewable Resource

I am an underground or sometimes aboveground source of water. 75% of Africa's population lives in these areas, but I only cove about 800mi squared.

Oases

An _______ is a hub of water in the desert. ____ are often created by springs, wells or irrigation systems

Oasis

I am the delta at the end of the Niger River that empties out into the atlantic and harnesses much oil

Oil Delta

B. __________ River a. Angola, Namibia, Botswana b. Empties in Kalahari Desert

Okavango

I am when too amny animals eat too few plants, causing the soil to erode and water to dry up

Overgrazing

225 million years ago=> Africa center of ______, and Afric stayed in exactly the same place

Pangaea

Lowlands and Highlands on ______. African _________ rises from Costal Plains along much of N and W coastlines

Plateau

a raised area of relatively level land

Plateau

This is a shelf of bedrock more than 2.6 billion years old. Rocky features of Southern Africa include ______ and __________.

Plateaus and mountains

________ and ________ make travel on the Nile difficult

Rainfalls and rapids

The Sahel's green vegetation only emerges during the _____ season, but it is often harvested quickly by farmers or consumed by animals.

Rainy

I am the restoring of a forest that has been reduced by fire or cutting

Reforestation

I am a part of the world that has one or more common features that distinguish it from the surrounding areas

Region

can be used and replaced over a relatively short period of time

Renewable Resource

Name three types of resources in Africa

Renewable, Nonrenewable, and tourist attractions

A. Tectonic plates of Africa moving apart for 1000s of years and form _______

Rifts

Hamadas are giant shelves of ____ and _____ that reach heights of 11,000 feet

Rock and stone

Acacia, whose deep root systems are ideal for semi-arid climates, are among the most common trees found in the ______.

Sahel

I am the strip of land that divides the Sahara from wetter areas. I can also be referred to as a desert

Sahel

The ____ is made up of flat, barren plains that stretch roughly 3,300 miles across Africa, from Senegal to Sudan.

Sahel

Ergs can contain large quantities of ____, which is sold for industrial and food use

Salt

Regs are plains of ____ and _____ that make up 70 percent of the Sahara

Sand and Gravel

I am the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products

Agriculture

I am the type of land that is suitable for growing crops.

Arable land

I am a type of land or a climate having little to no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation

Arid

Cliffs (like S and E coasts) rise from _______ and _______ Oceans

Atlantic and Indian

Hamadas include three mountain ranges: the ____ Mountains, the ______ Mountains and the _______ Mountains.

Atlas, Tibesti, Ahaggar

I am a very large quantity of something

Abundance

The _________ region has a wide range of animal life in the water and on land. Fish include the 45-kilogram (100-pound) Nile perch and the 2.5-centimeter (1-inch) cichlid. Hippos and crocodiles call the region home. Plant life in the region is also quite diverse. However, invasive species like the water hyacinth and papyrus have begun to take over entire shorelines, endangering animals and plants.

African Great Lakes

Baobabs are drought- and fire-resistant trees with trunks that are often 50 feet wide and as tall as 85 feet

Baobabs

The gravel can be _____, ___ or _____

Black, red or white

The Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, covering 3.3 million square miles, about the size of the South American country of

Brazil

A small species of primate known as the bush baby inhabits areas where there are many plants

Bush Babies

I am the large-scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread distrabution to retail outlets.

Commercial Agriculture

I am the state of being clear of trees, usually by fire or cutting

Deforestation

I am a triangular, fertile area of land around the mouth of a large river

Delta

1. _____1__ and _____2__ Regions 1. Sahara and Namib (N) 2. Kalahari (S) a. Areas have little rain, high temps., few living things b. _____same as 2___ surrounds desert but has more rainfall

Desert and Semi-arid

I am the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typicallay as a result of drought, deforestation, or inapporpriate agriculture.

Desertification.

I am an area of tall grasses, scattered trees, and shrubs

Savanna

__________________, or grasslands, cover almost half of Africa — more than 5 million square miles. These grasslands make up most of central Africa.

Savannas

I am the state of not having enough of something

Scarcity

Regs are the remains of ancient ___beds and _____beds, but are now nearly waterless.

Seabeds and riverbeds

Africa is the ___________-largest continent, after Asia

Second

I am the type of land or climate that has relatively low rain and scrubby vegetation

Semi-arid

The _________ is a vast plain that stretches 11,583 square miles. It runs from Kenya's Massai- Mara game reserve to Tanzania's Serengeti National Park. The ______(same word)______ is home to one of the continent's highest concentrations of large mammal species. These include lions, hyenas, zebras, giraffes and elephants.

Serengeti

The region of _____ ______ is covered mostly by the Kaapvaal craton

Southern Africa

I am farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surplus for marketing.

Subsistance farming

There is not a lot of animal life on the sandy __________ Coast

Swahili

I am when the techtonic plates move and sometimes cause earthquakes and mountains

Tectonic plate action

I am the type of farming system that occurs on hillsides.

Terrace

A. ________ a. semiarid areas to equator b. Rainy season of up to 6 months c. Rest of year dry

Tropical

C. ______ River a. Powerful waterfalls 1. Victoria Falls b. Mist can be seen up to 25 miles away

Zambezi

Sahel's fertile land is rapidly becoming desert, which is happening because of ____, _____, ______. This process is called ________.

drought, deforestation, agriculture and deforestation

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, the Swahili Coast, the rain forest, the African Great Lakes and Southern Africa