Aging & the Family
Approximately what percent of newly diagnosed people with HIV are over age 50?
15%
Societies in advanced stages of modernization may become more aware of the older population's devalued status through:
Advertising and television.
In terms of psychological age, which of the following people is the youngest?
Cathy, a college sophomore at age 48
Which model provides a way to view the interactions between a person and his/her environment?
Competence model
The majority of older men do not engage in sexual intercourse
False
The study of aging is primarily a study of diseases.
False
Characteristics of modernization that contribute to the decline of older adults' status in traditional societies include:
Literacy and health technology.
Which of the following changes regarding sexuality is normal for men?
Orgasm is experienced more rapidly.
According to the text:
The "oldest-old" are those aged 85+.
Life expectancy refers to the average years of life one can expect to live, whereas maximum life span refers to the maximum number of years a given species is expected to live.
True
The proportion of people aged 65 and older among ethnic minority groups will increase in the 21st century.
True
life course
a broader concept than individual life-span development that takes account of cultural, historical, and societal contacts that affect people as they age
competence model
a conception or description of the way persons perform, focusing on their abilities vis-à-vis the demands of the environment
Baltimore Longitudinal Studies of Aging
a federally funded longitudinal study that has examined physiological, cognitive, and personality changes in healthy middle-aged and older men since 1958, and in women since 1978
senescence
a gradual decline in all organ systems, especially after age 30
cohort
a group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status (for example, all African American women between the ages of 60 and 65 in 1999)
person-environment (P-E) perspective
a model for understanding the behavior of people based on the idea that persons are affected by personal characteristics such as health, attitudes, and beliefs, as they interact with and are affected by the characteristics of the cultural, social, political, and economic environment
active aging
a model of viewing aging as a positive experience of continued growth and participation in family, community, and societal activities, regardless of physical and cognitive decline
filial piety
a sense of reverence for and deference to elders that encourages care for one's aging family members
active versus dependent life expectancy
a way of describing expected length of life, the term active denoting a manner of living that is relatively healthy and independent in contrast to being dependent on help from others
modernization theory
advances in technology, applied sciences, urbanization, and literacy which, in the context, are related to a decline in the status of older people
Sexual behavior is likely to be influenced by:
all the above
Older gay men today
are more likely to hide their sexual orientation than younger men
maximum life span
biologically programmed maximum number of years that each species can expect to live
A true biological change with aging:
both a and b. a. is universal for all members of the species, b. tends to be progressive and gradual over time
resilience
capacity to overcome adversity, in part due to protective personal, family, community, and societal factors
Regarding age-related dangers in body composition:
changes in body composition affect drug metabolism.
aging
changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence
geriatrics
clinical study and treatment of older people and the diseases that affect them
social stratification
divisions among people )e.g., by age, ethnic group) for purposes of maintaining distinctions between different strata by the significant characteristics of those strata
selective survival
elders who remain in longitudinal studies tend to be the healthiest and from the higher socioeconomic levels of their cohort
Adult on-set diabetes is more common among white elders than among African American and Hispanic elders.
false
Age related physiological changes detrimentally affect sexual functioning
false
Co-morbidity has been found in 50 percent of older men, far higher than the rates in women of the same age.
false
Disuse Theory has proven that long-term information permanently deteriorates when it is not used.
false
Living arrangements is the chief cause of men withdrawing from sexual activity.
false
Loss of brain cells with aging is the primary reason for older people's forgetfulness.
false
Normal aging is accompanied by a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
false
Normal aging is accompanied by a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
false
Nursing home staff members are generally sensitive about providing opportunities for older residents to experience intimacy.
false
Older people with multiple chronic conditions rate their quality of life lower than do their physicians.
false
Osteoporosis is a normal change in the musculoskeletal system with aging.
false
We are able to remember better if information is stored in our primary memory.
false
When working with older adults regarding sexual concerns, the focus should be on their ability to maintain genital intercourse in order to experience intimacy.
false
environmental press
features of the social,
Which of the following theories of aging is also called the oxidative stress model of aging?
free radical theory
compression of morbidity
given a certain length of life, a term referring to relatively long periods of healthy, active, high-quality existence and relatively short periods of illness and dependency in the last few years of life
Which of the following represents the most common IADL limitation for older adults?
grocery shopping
The term "compression of morbidity" refers to:
illness affecting only the last few years of life
The oldest-old subgroup:
is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population.
ageism
negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age that distort their actual characteristics, and abilities
skipped generation households
often because of economic necessity, the middle generation move out of the home and grandparents assume responsibility for the day-to-day care of grandchildren
Which of the following has been shown as a psychosocial factor affecting love and intimacy in later life?
past history of sexual activity and availability of a partner
Age-related hearing loss is called:
presbycusis
sequential research designs
research designs that combine features of cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs to overcome some of the problems encountered in using those designs
cross-sectional research
research that examines or compares characteristics of people at a given point in time and attempts to identify factors associated with contrasting characteristics of different groupings of people
longitudinal research
research that follows the same individual over time to measure change in specific variables
Slower reaction time with aging is most likely due to:
slower response of neurotransmitters
Measures of crystallized intelligence include:
social judgement
Remembering where on saw or heard a new piece of information is called:
source memory
The most important aspect of memory enhancement may be:
the ability to relax and reduce anxiety and stress
life expectancy
the average length of time persons in a given society, and subgroups defined by age, gender, race, and ethnicity are expected to live
gerontology
the field of study that focuses understanding the biological, psychological, social, and political factors that influence older people's lives
as people age:
the incidence of chronic conditions increases.
biculturalism
the process of changing one's lifestyle by integrating one's native culture with that of the host country
The following is true about sexuality of older women:
there is a slower response to sexual stimulation
Which of the following is most likely to affect the performance of a person when taking a mental abilities test?
time constraints
A man who has not had sexual intercourse for a long time following the loss or illness of a partner may be experiencing widower's syndrome
true
A man who has not had sexual intercourse for a long time following the loss or illness of a partner may be experiencing widower's syndrome.
true
According to the cellular aging theory, aging may be attributable to the finite number of cell replications as the organism ages chronologically.
true
Changes in the size and function of the liver with aging result in greater sensitivity to medications that are metabolized by the liver.
true
Cognitive retraining has been found to be effective in helping older adults maintain their memory skills.
true
Due to recent research, many scientists are convinced that aging is reversible.
true
Health promotion programs should attempt to improve the general environment as well as individual health practices.
true
Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among whites.
true
Most driving accidents caused by older adult drivers occur at low speeds.
true
Older adults are less able to discriminate among levels of painful stimuli than younger persons.
true
Older adults who are most worried about declining memory use external and cognitive aids as a way of coping with the problem
true
Studies of primates have shown that caloric restriction can improve physical activity and slow down metabolism.
true
There is a biological factor in intelligence.
true
With regard to disease and sexuality in older people:
untreated diabetes may cause impotence in men
Suggestions for web designers for improving web pages for older adults include all of the following except
using bright colors and animation
An older person who is experiencing problems with depth perception could improve their home environment by:
using color contrast where different levels meet
Which of the following represents the most common ADL limitation for older adults?
walking