Aging & the Family

Approximately what percent of newly diagnosed people with HIV are over age 50?

15%

Societies in advanced stages of modernization may become more aware of the older population's devalued status through:

Advertising and television.

In terms of psychological age, which of the following people is the youngest?

Cathy, a college sophomore at age 48

Which model provides a way to view the interactions between a person and his/her environment?

Competence model

The majority of older men do not engage in sexual intercourse

False

The study of aging is primarily a study of diseases.

False

Characteristics of modernization that contribute to the decline of older adults' status in traditional societies include:

Literacy and health technology.

Which of the following changes regarding sexuality is normal for men?

Orgasm is experienced more rapidly.

According to the text:

The "oldest-old" are those aged 85+.

Life expectancy refers to the average years of life one can expect to live, whereas maximum life span refers to the maximum number of years a given species is expected to live.

True

The proportion of people aged 65 and older among ethnic minority groups will increase in the 21st century.

True

life course

a broader concept than individual life-span development that takes account of cultural, historical, and societal contacts that affect people as they age

competence model

a conception or description of the way persons perform, focusing on their abilities vis-à-vis the demands of the environment

Baltimore Longitudinal Studies of Aging

a federally funded longitudinal study that has examined physiological, cognitive, and personality changes in healthy middle-aged and older men since 1958, and in women since 1978

senescence

a gradual decline in all organ systems, especially after age 30

cohort

a group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status (for example, all African American women between the ages of 60 and 65 in 1999)

person-environment (P-E) perspective

a model for understanding the behavior of people based on the idea that persons are affected by personal characteristics such as health, attitudes, and beliefs, as they interact with and are affected by the characteristics of the cultural, social, political, and economic environment

active aging

a model of viewing aging as a positive experience of continued growth and participation in family, community, and societal activities, regardless of physical and cognitive decline

filial piety

a sense of reverence for and deference to elders that encourages care for one's aging family members

active versus dependent life expectancy

a way of describing expected length of life, the term active denoting a manner of living that is relatively healthy and independent in contrast to being dependent on help from others

modernization theory

advances in technology, applied sciences, urbanization, and literacy which, in the context, are related to a decline in the status of older people

Sexual behavior is likely to be influenced by:

all the above

Older gay men today

are more likely to hide their sexual orientation than younger men

maximum life span

biologically programmed maximum number of years that each species can expect to live

A true biological change with aging:

both a and b. a. is universal for all members of the species, b. tends to be progressive and gradual over time

resilience

capacity to overcome adversity, in part due to protective personal, family, community, and societal factors

Regarding age-related dangers in body composition:

changes in body composition affect drug metabolism.

aging

changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence

geriatrics

clinical study and treatment of older people and the diseases that affect them

social stratification

divisions among people )e.g., by age, ethnic group) for purposes of maintaining distinctions between different strata by the significant characteristics of those strata

selective survival

elders who remain in longitudinal studies tend to be the healthiest and from the higher socioeconomic levels of their cohort

Adult on-set diabetes is more common among white elders than among African American and Hispanic elders.

false

Age related physiological changes detrimentally affect sexual functioning

false

Co-morbidity has been found in 50 percent of older men, far higher than the rates in women of the same age.

false

Disuse Theory has proven that long-term information permanently deteriorates when it is not used.

false

Living arrangements is the chief cause of men withdrawing from sexual activity.

false

Loss of brain cells with aging is the primary reason for older people's forgetfulness.

false

Normal aging is accompanied by a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure

false

Normal aging is accompanied by a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

false

Nursing home staff members are generally sensitive about providing opportunities for older residents to experience intimacy.

false

Older people with multiple chronic conditions rate their quality of life lower than do their physicians.

false

Osteoporosis is a normal change in the musculoskeletal system with aging.

false

We are able to remember better if information is stored in our primary memory.

false

When working with older adults regarding sexual concerns, the focus should be on their ability to maintain genital intercourse in order to experience intimacy.

false

environmental press

features of the social,

Which of the following theories of aging is also called the oxidative stress model of aging?

free radical theory

compression of morbidity

given a certain length of life, a term referring to relatively long periods of healthy, active, high-quality existence and relatively short periods of illness and dependency in the last few years of life

Which of the following represents the most common IADL limitation for older adults?

grocery shopping

The term "compression of morbidity" refers to:

illness affecting only the last few years of life

The oldest-old subgroup:

is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population.

ageism

negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age that distort their actual characteristics, and abilities

skipped generation households

often because of economic necessity, the middle generation move out of the home and grandparents assume responsibility for the day-to-day care of grandchildren

Which of the following has been shown as a psychosocial factor affecting love and intimacy in later life?

past history of sexual activity and availability of a partner

Age-related hearing loss is called:

presbycusis

sequential research designs

research designs that combine features of cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs to overcome some of the problems encountered in using those designs

cross-sectional research

research that examines or compares characteristics of people at a given point in time and attempts to identify factors associated with contrasting characteristics of different groupings of people

longitudinal research

research that follows the same individual over time to measure change in specific variables

Slower reaction time with aging is most likely due to:

slower response of neurotransmitters

Measures of crystallized intelligence include:

social judgement

Remembering where on saw or heard a new piece of information is called:

source memory

The most important aspect of memory enhancement may be:

the ability to relax and reduce anxiety and stress

life expectancy

the average length of time persons in a given society, and subgroups defined by age, gender, race, and ethnicity are expected to live

gerontology

the field of study that focuses understanding the biological, psychological, social, and political factors that influence older people's lives

as people age:

the incidence of chronic conditions increases.

biculturalism

the process of changing one's lifestyle by integrating one's native culture with that of the host country

The following is true about sexuality of older women:

there is a slower response to sexual stimulation

Which of the following is most likely to affect the performance of a person when taking a mental abilities test?

time constraints

A man who has not had sexual intercourse for a long time following the loss or illness of a partner may be experiencing widower's syndrome

true

A man who has not had sexual intercourse for a long time following the loss or illness of a partner may be experiencing widower's syndrome.

true

According to the cellular aging theory, aging may be attributable to the finite number of cell replications as the organism ages chronologically.

true

Changes in the size and function of the liver with aging result in greater sensitivity to medications that are metabolized by the liver.

true

Cognitive retraining has been found to be effective in helping older adults maintain their memory skills.

true

Due to recent research, many scientists are convinced that aging is reversible.

true

Health promotion programs should attempt to improve the general environment as well as individual health practices.

true

Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among whites.

true

Most driving accidents caused by older adult drivers occur at low speeds.

true

Older adults are less able to discriminate among levels of painful stimuli than younger persons.

true

Older adults who are most worried about declining memory use external and cognitive aids as a way of coping with the problem

true

Studies of primates have shown that caloric restriction can improve physical activity and slow down metabolism.

true

There is a biological factor in intelligence.

true

With regard to disease and sexuality in older people:

untreated diabetes may cause impotence in men

Suggestions for web designers for improving web pages for older adults include all of the following except

using bright colors and animation

An older person who is experiencing problems with depth perception could improve their home environment by:

using color contrast where different levels meet

Which of the following represents the most common ADL limitation for older adults?

walking