All Chapter Tests & Quizzes

Steps of the scientific process

1. Make an observation of an unknown phenomenom. 2. Form a hypothesis. 3. Test your prediction with an experiment or observations. 4. Form conclusions and share them with others.

Celebrities Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey are big proponents of anti-vaccination claiming that it causes autism in children. Their testimonial in news media is a classic example of ___________.

Anecdotal evidence.

Which level is one lower than phylum?

Class

To create recombinant DNA, ____ is used to connect the gene of interest to the space created in the plasmid.

DNA ligase

In the classification of living organisms, what level of organization is the group called Archaea?

Domain

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding fossils? Select all correct answers Fossilization has occurred at multiple times during the prehistory of the earth. Because organisms are primarily composed of soft tissue, it is more likely that soft tissue is fossilized than hard tissue. Because fossils are so old, it is not possible to determine their age. Fossils are more likely discovered under the sea than on land. Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete.

Fossilization has occurred at multiple times during the prehistory of the earth. Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all life?

Intelligence

What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?

It's converted to glucose by plants.

Humans belong to what Class?

Mammalia

(Choose all that are correct) Which among the following are important in good experimental design? Randomization Control group Large sample size

Randomization Control group Large sample size

(Choose all that apply) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about translation? The process occurs in the nucleus The DNA directly participates (is physically present) during this process The tRNA molecules match their anticodons to the codons of the mRNA molecules the tRNA molecules carry the amino acids to the ribosomes The sequence of three bases on the mRNA molecule that indicates an amino acid is called an anticodon

The tRNA molecules match their anticodons to the codons of the mRNA molecules the tRNA molecules carry the amino acids to the ribosomes

(Choose all that apply) Rabbits, turtles, fish, humans, and whales all share certain characteristics but also differ from each other. All of these species have cells with nuclei. Another characteristics that all of these organisms share is the fact that they must consume plants and/or other organisms to get their energy. What level(s) of classification do all of these organisms share? They all belong to the animal kingdom They all belong to the domain Prokarya They all belong to the domain Eukarya They all belong to the kingdom Protista They all belong to the genus Homo

They all belong to the animal kingdom, They all belong to the domain Eukarya

chromosomes

a condensed form of DNA and proteins that can be seen during mitosis and meiosis; each one contains several genetic loci

Which of the following is what scientists mean when they use the term theory?

a set of findings that are supported by repeated testing

A normal human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

a sperm cell.

In land mammals, the pelvic girdle is the point where the leg bones attach to the rest of the skeleton. Whales also have a small pelvic girdle. This would be an example of what type of evidence for evolution?

a vestigial structure

An evolutionary change to better suit environmental conditions

adaptation

Which of the following will directly release CO2 into the atmosphere? More than one answer may be correct, choose all that are correct. aerobic respiration engines that burn gasoline or diesel oceans producing electricity by burning coal photosynthesis

aerobic respiration engines that burn gasoline or diesel oceans producing electricity by burning coal

ecosystem

all the organisms, non-living matter, and energy in a given area

Alternate forms of a gene are called

alleles

Prior to genetic engineering, insulin for humans with insulin-dependent diabetes was extracted from pigs and cattle. Presently insulin is produced by transgenic

bacteria

Tumors that stay in one place and don't affect surrounding tissues are called __.

benign

All of the following would be considered homologous structures except a(n):

butterfly's wing

In which of these blood vessels do the exchange of gases and other materials occur?

capillaries

movement of carbon through the ecosystem

carbon cycle

The population size of a particular species that an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely (assuming a stable environment) is called its

carrying capacity.

(choose all that apply) Which of the following is/are a known carcinogen(s)? bee stings certain viruses ultraviolet light sugar cigarette smoke

certain viruses, ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke

most recent common ancestor with humans

chimpanzee

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primate?

claws on all fingers

The concept that two or more species descended from a single species that existed in the past

common ancestor

two species evolved from one species over time

common ancestor

Populations of species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other are collectively called a(n)

community

The process of ________ has had a major impact on the geographic distribution of species across the planet.

continental drift

the process by which homologous pairs of chromosomes trade genetic material

crossing over

meiosis

crossing over and independent assortment occur

threat to global climate through loss of sizable carbon sink (carbon fixation)

deforestation

What muscle is used to abduct at your shoulder?

deltoid

In the capillaries of the lungs, oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide exits the blood through the process of

diffusion

indicates the number of chromosomes in a somatic cell

diploid

A representation of the evolutionary relationships between species

evolutionary tree

When the diaphragm contracts during ventilation, the chest cavity ___ and air rushes into the lungs because they have ___ pressure

expands; negative

Which of the following plants is the most fit?

fitness cannot be determined without environmental context

The primary causes of air and water pollution are (select all correct answers) nitrogen fixation fossil fuel burning at power plants vehicle exhaust carbon cycle industry

fossil fuel burning at power plants, vehicle exhaust, industry

The process of DNA controlling the production of a protein, such as starting or stopping the synthesis of a given protein, is often referred to as

gene expression

Manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms is known as

genetic engineering.

Natural selection requires _______________ and__________________.

genetic variation within a population; selective pressure

all the genetic material of an individual

genome

Rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses are causing which of the following two phenomena to occur?

global warming and global climate change

The major concerns regarding the effects of air pollution fall into the areas of smog, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, and

global warming.

location of meiosis

gonads

Which of the following is NOT a primate

hamster

What muscle is used to flex your knee?

hamstrings

A genetically modified or transgenic organism

has one or more foreign genes inserted into some or all of its cells.

The protein that transports oxygen in the blood is

hemoglobin

trait resulting from an allele that can be passed on to offspring

heritable

What is the name for the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?

homeostasis

A similarity in anatomy, proteins, or DNA that results from common ancestry

homology

multi-cellular organism

individual living being composed of several organ systems

After an oxygen molecule enters the blood through the lungs, it must go through the _________ before it is delivered to an organ like your biceps brachii muscle.

left ventricle

disease caused by a blood parasite

malaria

What muscle is used when chewing your food?

masseter

germ theory

means germs or pathogens lead to disease

evolutionary theory

means living organisms have descended from a common ancestor through the process of adaptation through changing environments.

cell theory

means that all living organisms are made of cells and cells can only grow in pre-existing cells.

when cancer cells have broken away from their original site of formation and have travelled to new parts of the body, we say the cancer is _____

metastatic

When a human grows or repairs damaged tissue, which cellular process is used?

mitosis

Which type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell?

mitosis in animals

Damage to a DNA molecule which changes the sequence of that molecule is known as a

mutation

The source of new variation that can be selected is

mutation

What happens during muscle contraction? Select all that apply. muscles "push" on bones myofibers shorten myofilaments slide past each other myofibers lengthen

myofibers shorten, myofilaments slide past each other

The theory that individuals with certain traits are more fit for their local environment and therefore are more likely to survive and reproduce is known as

natural selection.

the functional role of a species in its environment

niche

Place the following in order from smallest, simplest, and least complex, to largest and most inclusive.

nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome

mitosis

occurs during growth and development

The correct order of structures that inhaled air passes through after the nasal cavity

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from

plants and animals.

The liquid portion of blood is called _________.

plasma

Bacterial ________ DNA can be easily removed from the bacterium, modified by adding a gene of interest, and then reinserted into the bacterium to be replicated.

plasmid

All of the red squirrels living on a college campus would be a(n)

population

Which of the following would be most affected by biological magnification of toxins?

primary consumer

mitosis

produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the starting cell

Cancer cells divide in an unregulated fashion (in other words, even when they are not supposed to divide). They are able to do this because they ___

progress through the cell cycle without proper regulation

Which of the following substances can be produced in mass quantities by genetic engineering?

protein

DNA contains a sequence of nucleotides that are the coding information for the synthesis of

proteins

DNA has been cut, spliced, and bound back together in a laboratory

recombinant

meiosis

reduces the cells from a diploid condition to a haploid condition

enzyme breaks the bonds between specfic base pairs of DNA

restriction

A news report on CNN that describes recently published research on a new treatment for colds is an example of a(n)

secondary source.

cell

smallest unit of life

Which of the major types of muscle in humans is found surrounding our internal organs?

smooth

Which one of the following taxonomic categories is defined as a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring?

species

organ

structure with two or more tissues that carries out a specific function.

building of communities without long-term degradation of environment

sustainable development

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is known as

systole

A scientific hypothesis is:

testable, a possible explanation for something, and falsifiable.

When two species contain identical or nearly identical proteins, and hence nearly identical DNA, this suggests

the two species share a common ancestry.

warm air trapping cooler air, and pollution, below it

thermal inversion

When DNA unzips, what pairs with adenine during the formation of a new strand?

thymine

has had its genome altered by inserting a foreign gene(s)

transgenic organism