All Chapter Tests & Quizzes
Steps of the scientific process
1. Make an observation of an unknown phenomenom. 2. Form a hypothesis. 3. Test your prediction with an experiment or observations. 4. Form conclusions and share them with others.
Celebrities Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey are big proponents of anti-vaccination claiming that it causes autism in children. Their testimonial in news media is a classic example of ___________.
Anecdotal evidence.
Which level is one lower than phylum?
Class
To create recombinant DNA, ____ is used to connect the gene of interest to the space created in the plasmid.
DNA ligase
In the classification of living organisms, what level of organization is the group called Archaea?
Domain
Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding fossils? Select all correct answers Fossilization has occurred at multiple times during the prehistory of the earth. Because organisms are primarily composed of soft tissue, it is more likely that soft tissue is fossilized than hard tissue. Because fossils are so old, it is not possible to determine their age. Fossils are more likely discovered under the sea than on land. Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete.
Fossilization has occurred at multiple times during the prehistory of the earth. Even though fossils from more than 200,000 different species have been found, the fossil record remains incomplete.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all life?
Intelligence
What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?
It's converted to glucose by plants.
Humans belong to what Class?
Mammalia
(Choose all that are correct) Which among the following are important in good experimental design? Randomization Control group Large sample size
Randomization Control group Large sample size
(Choose all that apply) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about translation? The process occurs in the nucleus The DNA directly participates (is physically present) during this process The tRNA molecules match their anticodons to the codons of the mRNA molecules the tRNA molecules carry the amino acids to the ribosomes The sequence of three bases on the mRNA molecule that indicates an amino acid is called an anticodon
The tRNA molecules match their anticodons to the codons of the mRNA molecules the tRNA molecules carry the amino acids to the ribosomes
(Choose all that apply) Rabbits, turtles, fish, humans, and whales all share certain characteristics but also differ from each other. All of these species have cells with nuclei. Another characteristics that all of these organisms share is the fact that they must consume plants and/or other organisms to get their energy. What level(s) of classification do all of these organisms share? They all belong to the animal kingdom They all belong to the domain Prokarya They all belong to the domain Eukarya They all belong to the kingdom Protista They all belong to the genus Homo
They all belong to the animal kingdom, They all belong to the domain Eukarya
chromosomes
a condensed form of DNA and proteins that can be seen during mitosis and meiosis; each one contains several genetic loci
Which of the following is what scientists mean when they use the term theory?
a set of findings that are supported by repeated testing
A normal human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
a sperm cell.
In land mammals, the pelvic girdle is the point where the leg bones attach to the rest of the skeleton. Whales also have a small pelvic girdle. This would be an example of what type of evidence for evolution?
a vestigial structure
An evolutionary change to better suit environmental conditions
adaptation
Which of the following will directly release CO2 into the atmosphere? More than one answer may be correct, choose all that are correct. aerobic respiration engines that burn gasoline or diesel oceans producing electricity by burning coal photosynthesis
aerobic respiration engines that burn gasoline or diesel oceans producing electricity by burning coal
ecosystem
all the organisms, non-living matter, and energy in a given area
Alternate forms of a gene are called
alleles
Prior to genetic engineering, insulin for humans with insulin-dependent diabetes was extracted from pigs and cattle. Presently insulin is produced by transgenic
bacteria
Tumors that stay in one place and don't affect surrounding tissues are called __.
benign
All of the following would be considered homologous structures except a(n):
butterfly's wing
In which of these blood vessels do the exchange of gases and other materials occur?
capillaries
movement of carbon through the ecosystem
carbon cycle
The population size of a particular species that an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely (assuming a stable environment) is called its
carrying capacity.
(choose all that apply) Which of the following is/are a known carcinogen(s)? bee stings certain viruses ultraviolet light sugar cigarette smoke
certain viruses, ultraviolet light, cigarette smoke
most recent common ancestor with humans
chimpanzee
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primate?
claws on all fingers
The concept that two or more species descended from a single species that existed in the past
common ancestor
two species evolved from one species over time
common ancestor
Populations of species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other are collectively called a(n)
community
The process of ________ has had a major impact on the geographic distribution of species across the planet.
continental drift
the process by which homologous pairs of chromosomes trade genetic material
crossing over
meiosis
crossing over and independent assortment occur
threat to global climate through loss of sizable carbon sink (carbon fixation)
deforestation
What muscle is used to abduct at your shoulder?
deltoid
In the capillaries of the lungs, oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide exits the blood through the process of
diffusion
indicates the number of chromosomes in a somatic cell
diploid
A representation of the evolutionary relationships between species
evolutionary tree
When the diaphragm contracts during ventilation, the chest cavity ___ and air rushes into the lungs because they have ___ pressure
expands; negative
Which of the following plants is the most fit?
fitness cannot be determined without environmental context
The primary causes of air and water pollution are (select all correct answers) nitrogen fixation fossil fuel burning at power plants vehicle exhaust carbon cycle industry
fossil fuel burning at power plants, vehicle exhaust, industry
The process of DNA controlling the production of a protein, such as starting or stopping the synthesis of a given protein, is often referred to as
gene expression
Manipulation of the genetic makeup of cells or whole organisms is known as
genetic engineering.
Natural selection requires _______________ and__________________.
genetic variation within a population; selective pressure
all the genetic material of an individual
genome
Rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses are causing which of the following two phenomena to occur?
global warming and global climate change
The major concerns regarding the effects of air pollution fall into the areas of smog, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, and
global warming.
location of meiosis
gonads
Which of the following is NOT a primate
hamster
What muscle is used to flex your knee?
hamstrings
A genetically modified or transgenic organism
has one or more foreign genes inserted into some or all of its cells.
The protein that transports oxygen in the blood is
hemoglobin
trait resulting from an allele that can be passed on to offspring
heritable
What is the name for the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?
homeostasis
A similarity in anatomy, proteins, or DNA that results from common ancestry
homology
multi-cellular organism
individual living being composed of several organ systems
After an oxygen molecule enters the blood through the lungs, it must go through the _________ before it is delivered to an organ like your biceps brachii muscle.
left ventricle
disease caused by a blood parasite
malaria
What muscle is used when chewing your food?
masseter
germ theory
means germs or pathogens lead to disease
evolutionary theory
means living organisms have descended from a common ancestor through the process of adaptation through changing environments.
cell theory
means that all living organisms are made of cells and cells can only grow in pre-existing cells.
when cancer cells have broken away from their original site of formation and have travelled to new parts of the body, we say the cancer is _____
metastatic
When a human grows or repairs damaged tissue, which cellular process is used?
mitosis
Which type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell?
mitosis in animals
Damage to a DNA molecule which changes the sequence of that molecule is known as a
mutation
The source of new variation that can be selected is
mutation
What happens during muscle contraction? Select all that apply. muscles "push" on bones myofibers shorten myofilaments slide past each other myofibers lengthen
myofibers shorten, myofilaments slide past each other
The theory that individuals with certain traits are more fit for their local environment and therefore are more likely to survive and reproduce is known as
natural selection.
the functional role of a species in its environment
niche
Place the following in order from smallest, simplest, and least complex, to largest and most inclusive.
nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome
mitosis
occurs during growth and development
The correct order of structures that inhaled air passes through after the nasal cavity
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from
plants and animals.
The liquid portion of blood is called _________.
plasma
Bacterial ________ DNA can be easily removed from the bacterium, modified by adding a gene of interest, and then reinserted into the bacterium to be replicated.
plasmid
All of the red squirrels living on a college campus would be a(n)
population
Which of the following would be most affected by biological magnification of toxins?
primary consumer
mitosis
produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the starting cell
Cancer cells divide in an unregulated fashion (in other words, even when they are not supposed to divide). They are able to do this because they ___
progress through the cell cycle without proper regulation
Which of the following substances can be produced in mass quantities by genetic engineering?
protein
DNA contains a sequence of nucleotides that are the coding information for the synthesis of
proteins
DNA has been cut, spliced, and bound back together in a laboratory
recombinant
meiosis
reduces the cells from a diploid condition to a haploid condition
enzyme breaks the bonds between specfic base pairs of DNA
restriction
A news report on CNN that describes recently published research on a new treatment for colds is an example of a(n)
secondary source.
cell
smallest unit of life
Which of the major types of muscle in humans is found surrounding our internal organs?
smooth
Which one of the following taxonomic categories is defined as a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring?
species
organ
structure with two or more tissues that carries out a specific function.
building of communities without long-term degradation of environment
sustainable development
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is known as
systole
A scientific hypothesis is:
testable, a possible explanation for something, and falsifiable.
When two species contain identical or nearly identical proteins, and hence nearly identical DNA, this suggests
the two species share a common ancestry.
warm air trapping cooler air, and pollution, below it
thermal inversion
When DNA unzips, what pairs with adenine during the formation of a new strand?
thymine
has had its genome altered by inserting a foreign gene(s)
transgenic organism
