All Chapters For History Midterm

Which description fits the meaning of the word liberal among Republicans of the 1870s?

A more limited and professional government

What 1908 event prompted a meeting that eventually led to the establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

A race riot in Springfield, Illinois, hometown of Abraham Lincoln

Through what means did the American public gain knowledge about the important scientific discoveries of the nineteenth century?

A series of world's fairs.

What difference did the New Deal's Rural Electrification Administration make to American farmers?

The share of farms with electricity grew substantially as a result.

Which statement accurately assesses the involvement of the United States in the War of 1898?

The war gave the United States the opportunity to expand overseas.

Which statement describes the impact of progressives on the United States by 1917?

They drew blueprints for a modern American state whose powers suited an industrial era.

Why did the Ku Klux Klan and many Protestant Americans oppose a Catholic presidential candidate like Al Smith so fiercely?

They suspected he was more loyal to the pope than to the flag.

Why did most black men and women who migrated to the large cities of the North between 1880 and 1917 end up working in the service sector?

They were routinely rejected from other jobs.

For what purpose did some businessmen and politicians establish the Liberty League in 1934?

To attack Roosevelt for advocating "socialist" policies.

What was the primary focus of the National Association of Colored Women, formed in 1896?

To build stronger communities.

What accounted for the American victory against Japanese forces in the May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea and the June 1942 Battle of Midway?

American aircraft carriers

What was the key to the successful building of skyscrapers in American cities in the late nineteenth century?

An interior skeleton made of manufactured steel beams.

Why was President Grover Cleveland bothered by the Cuban rebellion and the Spanish response to it during his second term?

An unstable Cuba was against American interests.

Why did the Democratic Party choose Franklin D. Roosevelt as its candidate for president in the election of 1932?

As governor of New York, he had initiated innovative relief and unemployment programs.

Which term describes the political principles behind the policies of Secretary of Commerce and later President Herbert Hoover?

The associated state

Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States?

The crusade pushed prostitution out of brothels and into the street.

Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911?

The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions.

Why did many Americans rely on a barter economy to obtain needed goods during the Great Depression?

The loss of income and savings left them without money.

What American tradition informed Herbert Hoover's initial response to the economic downturn in the early 1930s?

The market is self-regulating and government should not intervene during a downturn.

How did Franklin Roosevelt respond to the "Roosevelt recession" of 1937?

By increasing federal spending for jobs programs.

How did the New Deal's Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provide long-term benefits to Native Americans?

By restoring special status to tribal governments.

How did Franklin D. Roosevelt circumvent neutrality laws in 1940?

By using an executive order to provide weapons to Great Britain

What development finally ended the Great Depression during the 1940s?

The mobilization of American defense production

On what grounds did Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. dissent in the case of Lochner v. New York (1905)?

The notion of "freedom of contract" was a "legal fiction."

Why did some Americans refer to the late nineteenth century as the Gilded Age?

The period's prosperous appearance rested upon widespread moral decay and poverty.

After running their Chicago settlement house for a few years, what did Jane Addams and her colleagues believe the working-class people they served needed?

The resources and political voice to improve their lives.

Why did the Democratic Party try to distance itself from Democratic president Grover Cleveland in the midterm elections of 1894?

Cleveland had refused to expand the money supply with silver coins

Which of the following statements describes the power of communism in the United States in the 1920s?

Communists were few in number and had little political influence.

What was a significant challenge for the Democratic Party in the United States during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency?

Containing the dangers of racial politics.

Why did competitive politics in the South shift to the Democratic primaries after the introduction of poll taxes and literacy tests?

Disenfranchisement of blacks and many poor white voters eliminated the Democrats' opposition.

What was the term used for the antidemocratic movement, spawned by the Great Depression, which developed in Italy during the 1920s and then spread to Japan, Germany, and Spain?

Fascism

Why did some women's rights advocates oppose passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1920s?

Fear that its passage would weaken labor laws that favored women

The ministers who formulated the Niagara Creed in the late nineteenth century reflected what faith tradition?

Fundamentalism.

What was the result of the Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in December 1941?

Galvanized the American public into a determination to fight

How did Franklin Roosevelt use the Second New Deal to respond to his critics?

He adopted some parts of the reforms called for by critics of the left.

How did Woodrow Wilson address the instability of the banking system in the United States during his first term in office?

He created the Federal Reserve system.

Why did the German legislature, the Reichstag, grant Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers in 1933?

He promised to deal with the economic crisis.

Why did Henry Cabot Lodge oppose the Treaty of Versailles after World War I?

He was concerned that it would prevent an independent American foreign policy.

What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices.

What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton mean by "the solitude of self"?

Men and women needed equal protection.

Which of the following was used to justify American imperialism and expansion around the turn of the twentieth century?

Social Darwinism

Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War?

Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power.

Why did the Western Front of World War I barely move between 1914 and 1918?

Technological developments gave a tremendous advantage to soldiers in defensive positions.

How did the New Deal affect the arts in America in the 1930s?

The New Deal supported many artistic endeavors that made art more widely accessible.

What amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1920, gave women the right to vote nationally?

The Nineteenth

Which canal, completed by the United States in 1914, was a key strategy in projecting American military and economic power across the globe?

The Panama Canal

Why did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912?

The Republican vote was divided between the incumbent and the Progressive Party challenger Theodore Roosevelt.

What happened to the colonial empires of the defeated Central Powers after the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?

Allied powers assumed control of them, administering them as "mandates."

Which industry changed the way Americans thought about the meaning of consumer goods in their lives during the 1920s?

Advertising

What sparked the increase in the number of lynchings in southern states from 48 in 1917 to 78 in 1919?

Blacks' increasingly vocal demands for equality

Why did the United States lag behind Europe in implementing key social welfare programs during the first three decades of the twentieth century?

Business interests in the United States were exceptionally powerful.

The mass extermination of Jews and others whom the Nazis thought to be inferior was known as the...?

Holocaust.

Why was Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine significant?

It asserted an American right to regulate Caribbean affairs.

Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time?

It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable.

What prevented the United States from acquiring a large colonial empire in the nineteenth century, as Britain, France, and Germany did?

It focused on expanding westward.

What role did American popular media serve for the public during World War II?

It reinforced the connections between the home front and troops overseas.

Which statement describes the significance of the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case Plessy v. Ferguson?

It ruled that Jim Crow laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment as long as separate facilities were equal.

Wartime legislation such as the Sedition Act of 1918 and the Espionage Act of 1917 revealed what about the U.S. government during World War I?

Its willingness to compromise the right to free speech

Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

Journalists who promoted reform.

During his first hundred days in office in 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt placed a high priority on New Deal legislation that did what?

Launched large-scale public works projects.

Which strategy was key to families' upward mobility in the nineteenth century?

Limiting family growth.

Which statement describes the immigration policies implemented by the United States in the 1920s?

Limiting immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe and Asia

Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?

Miserable conditions in urban tenement housing.

How did the Roosevelt administration address the crisis caused by the dust bowl on the Great Plains?

New Deal agencies worked to restore the soil and establish sound farming practices there.

What did Theodore Roosevelt achieve when he persuaded the U.S. Congress to pass the Hepburn Act in 1906?

New powers for the Interstate Commerce Commission

What allowed engineers and planners in the second half of the nineteenth century to develop a new urban geography in the United States?

New technologies.

What did Churchill and Roosevelt agree to do for Stalin at the Tehran conference in November 1943?

Open up a second front against Germany.

What international movement of the 1920s did Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) represent?

Pan-Africanism

In the 1920s, Washington, D.C.'s policies of "dollar diplomacy" influenced large American companies in what way?

Permitting them to exercise growing power in Latin America

Which statement delineates the critical difference between the Populists of the 1890s on the one hand and the established Democratic and Republican parties on the other?

Populists recognized the conflict between capital and labor.

Why did the relocation of Japanese Americans in 1942 take place?

Prejudice against Japanese Americans made the government doubt their loyalty.

Why did the rate of college attendance in the United States increase from 2 percent in the 1880s to 8 percent in 1920?

Public universities expanded dramatically during this period.

Which development stemmed from the popularity of Social Darwinism and eugenics in the early twentieth century?

Restriction on immigration increased.

World War I veterans marched to Washington during the summer of 1932 for what reason?

To demand the payment of a pension due in 1945.

Why did many American business leaders begin to create employer-sponsored sports teams in the early twentieth century?

To instill teamwork and company pride.

What was Secretary of State John Hay's intention in announcing the open-door policy for China in 1899?

To prevent Japan and the European powers from shutting the United States out of China

What goal led John Muir to found the Sierra Club in 1892?

To promote the preservation and enjoyment of mountain regions.

Why did many American authors take up literary realism after the 1880s?

To replace sentimentality in literature with facts.

What was the principle reason that President Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan in the summer of 1945?

Truman wanted to achieve unconditional surrender without an American invasion of Japan.

What empowered black leaders in the United States to organize the Double V campaign after World War II began?

Wartime rhetoric about the need to fight for freedom against Nazi anti-Semitism and aggression

Why did the United States typically intervene militarily in Latin America from the 1910s to the 1930s?

Why did the United States typically intervene militarily in Latin America from the 1910s to the 1930s?

What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?

Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade.

What triggered the wave of strikes that spread through the United States in 1919?

Workers tried to maintain their higher wartime pay and working conditions.

In contrast to many native-born Jews, most Yiddish-speaking Jews who arrived in the United States from Eastern Europe after the 1880s were

poorer and more orthodox in their beliefs.