Chapter 23 & 24 Digestive Physiology and Metabolism A&P2 Final
When chyme is squirted into the duodenum, what is the normal amount that is squirted at each wave? 1) 3 ml. 2) 50 ml 3) 100 ml 4) 500 ml
3 ml
Which one of the following would most likely neutralize stomach acid in the intestine? 1) Secretion of bile from the liver 2) Secretion of brush border enzymes from the lining of the small intestine 3) Secretion of pancreatic amylase 4) Secretion of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas
Secretion of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas
After the body has utilized all the glucose it can, excess glucose is taken care of by? 1) glycogenesis and lipogenesis 2) gluconeogenesis 3) glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis 4) glycogenolysis and lipolysis
glycogenesis and lipogenesis
Samantha was diagnosed as having gastric ulcers and her stomach contents were sent for analysis. The results showed that she did not have helicobacter pylori infection. Among the choices below, which would be a likely possibility as being the cause of the ulcer? 1) increased pepsin secretion 2) increased histamine secretion 3) increased mucus secretion 4) lack of pace maker cells
increased histamine secretion
Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver was severely damaged? 1) carbohydrates 2) proteins 3) lipids[fats] 4) nucleases
lipids[fats]
The primary goal of segmentation in the small intestine is to allow: 1) movement of the intestinal contents forwards towards the ileocecal valve 2) mechanical digestion of food 3) absorption to occur 4) separate waste products from nutrients
mechanical digestion of food
The enzymes of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are located in the: 1) mitochondria 2) cytoplasmic fluid 3) endoplasmic reticulum 4) ribosomes
mitochondria
Chemical digestion of lipids results in which products? 1) fatty and amino acids 2) water and glycerol 3) monosaccharides and peptides 4) monoglycerides and fatty acids 5) glycerol and monosaccharides
monoglycerides and fatty acids
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates is initiated in the__________ with __________enzyme. 1) stomach, pepsin 2) mouth, trypsin 3) mouth , amylase 4) stomach, amylase 5) mouth, lipase
mouth , amylase
The smooth muscle action involving peristalsis primarily functions to: 1) mix food in the mouth 2) aid in urination 3) propel food from the mouth during vomiting 4) move food through the intestine
move food through the intestine
Although food does NOT pass through this structure enzymes are secreted here that are capable of digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 1) liver 2) small intestine 3) pancreas 4) large intestine 5) stomach
pancreas
The enzyme most responsible for acting on fat is primarily produced by the: 1) salivary glands 2) stomach 3) small intestine 4) pancreas 5) liver
pancreas
Which one of the following enzymes digests proteins? 1) sucrase 2) lipase 3) amylase 4) dipeptides 5) pepsin
pepsin
Which of the following is a precusor to the gastric enzyme responsible for protein digestion? 1) trypsinogen 2) pepsinogen 3) peptidase 4) proteaseinogen 5) protease
pepsinogen
Mucus secreted by the stomach serves to: 1) protect the stomach from HCl acid 2) digest carbohydrates 3) digest proteins 4) protect the gall bladder
protect the stomach from HCl acid
Gastric movements are inhibited by? 1) glucagon 2) secretin 3) gastrin 4) pepsin 5) chymotrypsin
secretin
Which of the following substances would not be able to act directly on food to cause chemical digestion? 1) pepsin 2) amylase 3) secretin 4) protease 5) brush border enzymes
secretin
Under the stimulus of _________ bile production is increased at the _____. 1) CCK, small intestine 2) secretin, liver 3) CCK, stomach 4) secretin, pancreas 5) gastrin, liver
secretin, liver
Excess glucose that is absorbed by the body is stored principally in the: 1) smooth muscle and liver 2) gall bladder and pancreas 3) skeletal muscle and liver 4) heart and brain 5) adipose tissue and brain
skeletal muscle and liver
Which of the below organs is the primary site of nutrient absorption? 1) liver 2) small intestine 3) pancreas 4) large intestine 5) stomach
small intestine
Pepsin is produced in the __________ and initiates the chemical breakdown of ____________. 1) mouth, complex carbohydrates 2) stomach, nucleic acids 3) stomach, lipids 4) stomach, nucleic acids 5) stomach, proteins
stomach, proteins
Carbohydrate digestion initiated in the oral cavity continues in the esophagus because: 1) the esophageal glands produce amylase 2) the salivary glands have openings that entend into the upper end of the esophagus 3) the pH in the esophagus is similar to the pH in the oral cavity 4) there is excess nitric oxide in the esophagus
the pH in the esophagus is similar to the pH in the oral cavity
Those microscopic structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and thus aid in the absorption of food are called? 1) intestinal glands 2) plicae circulares 3) villi 4) rugae
villi
The churning movements of the stomach are controlled by pace maker cells found in the: 1) spinal cord 2) walls of the stomach 3) right atrium 4) vagus nerve
walls of the stomach
Which of the below substances are passively absorbed? 1) glucose, fat 2) amino acids, water 3) water, fat 4) glucose ,amino acids
water, fat
How is salivation controlled? 1) By an alkaline pH 2) By salivary hormones produced by the epithelium of the oral cavity 3) By an acidic pH 4) By the parasympathetic nervous system 5) By the sympathetic nervous system
By the parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following apply to the small intestine? 1)Foods are acted on for the first time in this organ by protein splitting enzymes. 2) Most of the nutrient absorption from the digestive tract occurs here. 3) Carbohydrates and proteins but not fats are digested. 4) Bile is produced here.
Most of the nutrient absorption from the digestive tract occurs here.
Control of digestive activity is mainly through the sympathetic nervous system. 1) True 2) False
False
Anabolic metabolism includes: 1) changes of larger molecules into smaller ones 2) destructive processes by which substances are decomposed 3) constructive processes by which substances are synthesized 4) the process of glycolysis
constructive processes by which substances are synthesized
Which of the following statements best describes the action of CCK? 1) relaxation of the gall bladder and contraction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 2) contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 3) relaxation of the gall bladder and the hepatopancreatic sphincter 4) contraction of the gall bladder and the hepatopancreatic sphincter
contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter
Which of the following is NOT an example of an anabolic reaction? 1) conversion of glycogen into glucose 2) conversion of amino acids into complex proteins 3) conversion of glucose into proteins 4) conversion of glucose into triglycerides
conversion of glycogen into glucose
All of the following are substances that have a protein component, except: 1) fibrinogen 2) gammaglobulins 3) hemoglobin 4) glycerol 5) myelin
glycerol
When aminoacids are utilized to synthesize glucose the process is called? 1) gluconeogenesis 2) glucogenolysis 3) glycogenesis 4) glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
The absorbable digestion byproduct of starch is: 1) polysaccharide 2) glucose 3) amino acid 4) glycerol 5) fatty acid
glucose
Which of the following substances increases in amount during cellular respiration? 1) ATP 2) oxygen 3) glucose 4) glycogen
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
When fatty chyme comes in contact with the mucosa of the duodenum, it stimulates the release of _____ which acts on the _________. 1) secretin, large intestine 2) secretin, small intestine 3) gastrin, stomach 4) CCK, gall bladder
CCK, gall bladder
In the complete aerobic breakdown of a glucose molecule one of the end products removed by the body is? 1) Carbon dioxide 2) Pyruvic acid 3) ATP 4) Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the large intestine? 1) Is divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions. 2) Contains bacteria that synthesize certain nutritional factors such as vitamin K and B complex. 3) Serves as the main digestive organ. 4) Absorbs much of the water remaining in the undigested chyme.
Serves as the main digestive organ.
The stimulus for production of intestinal juice is the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine. 1) True 2) False
True
The absorbable products of protein digestion are: 1) glycerol and water 2) nucleotides 3) amino acids 4) fatty acids 5) monosaccharides
amino acids
Brush border enzymes help digest.. 1) fats 2) carbohydrates 3) carbohydrates and proteins 4) proteins and fats 5) proteins
carbohydrates and proteins
The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin: 1) breakdown of food into smaller particles by churning movements 2) digestion of lipids 3) digestion of carbohydrates 4) digestion of proteins
digestion of proteins
Chemical digestion involves: 1) enzymatic action on complex substances to break them into simpler substances 2) anabolic processes..joining together smaller molecules 3) the churning of food in the stomach 4) segmentation in the small intestine
enzymatic action on complex substances to break them into simpler substances
Brush border enzymes are produced by: 1) epithelial cells of the gastric pits 2) epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine 3) epithelial cells lining the crypts of Lieberkuhn 4) epithelial cells lining the colon
epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine