Chapter 23 & 24 Digestive Physiology and Metabolism A&P2 Final

When chyme is squirted into the duodenum, what is the normal amount that is squirted at each wave? 1) 3 ml. 2) 50 ml 3) 100 ml 4) 500 ml

3 ml

Which one of the following would most likely neutralize stomach acid in the intestine? 1) Secretion of bile from the liver 2) Secretion of brush border enzymes from the lining of the small intestine 3) Secretion of pancreatic amylase 4) Secretion of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas

Secretion of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas

After the body has utilized all the glucose it can, excess glucose is taken care of by? 1) glycogenesis and lipogenesis 2) gluconeogenesis 3) glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis 4) glycogenolysis and lipolysis

glycogenesis and lipogenesis

Samantha was diagnosed as having gastric ulcers and her stomach contents were sent for analysis. The results showed that she did not have helicobacter pylori infection. Among the choices below, which would be a likely possibility as being the cause of the ulcer? 1) increased pepsin secretion 2) increased histamine secretion 3) increased mucus secretion 4) lack of pace maker cells

increased histamine secretion

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver was severely damaged? 1) carbohydrates 2) proteins 3) lipids[fats] 4) nucleases

lipids[fats]

The primary goal of segmentation in the small intestine is to allow: 1) movement of the intestinal contents forwards towards the ileocecal valve 2) mechanical digestion of food 3) absorption to occur 4) separate waste products from nutrients

mechanical digestion of food

The enzymes of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are located in the: 1) mitochondria 2) cytoplasmic fluid 3) endoplasmic reticulum 4) ribosomes

mitochondria

Chemical digestion of lipids results in which products? 1) fatty and amino acids 2) water and glycerol 3) monosaccharides and peptides 4) monoglycerides and fatty acids 5) glycerol and monosaccharides

monoglycerides and fatty acids

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates is initiated in the__________ with __________enzyme. 1) stomach, pepsin 2) mouth, trypsin 3) mouth , amylase 4) stomach, amylase 5) mouth, lipase

mouth , amylase

The smooth muscle action involving peristalsis primarily functions to: 1) mix food in the mouth 2) aid in urination 3) propel food from the mouth during vomiting 4) move food through the intestine

move food through the intestine

Although food does NOT pass through this structure enzymes are secreted here that are capable of digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 1) liver 2) small intestine 3) pancreas 4) large intestine 5) stomach

pancreas

The enzyme most responsible for acting on fat is primarily produced by the: 1) salivary glands 2) stomach 3) small intestine 4) pancreas 5) liver

pancreas

Which one of the following enzymes digests proteins? 1) sucrase 2) lipase 3) amylase 4) dipeptides 5) pepsin

pepsin

Which of the following is a precusor to the gastric enzyme responsible for protein digestion? 1) trypsinogen 2) pepsinogen 3) peptidase 4) proteaseinogen 5) protease

pepsinogen

Mucus secreted by the stomach serves to: 1) protect the stomach from HCl acid 2) digest carbohydrates 3) digest proteins 4) protect the gall bladder

protect the stomach from HCl acid

Gastric movements are inhibited by? 1) glucagon 2) secretin 3) gastrin 4) pepsin 5) chymotrypsin

secretin

Which of the following substances would not be able to act directly on food to cause chemical digestion? 1) pepsin 2) amylase 3) secretin 4) protease 5) brush border enzymes

secretin

Under the stimulus of _________ bile production is increased at the _____. 1) CCK, small intestine 2) secretin, liver 3) CCK, stomach 4) secretin, pancreas 5) gastrin, liver

secretin, liver

Excess glucose that is absorbed by the body is stored principally in the: 1) smooth muscle and liver 2) gall bladder and pancreas 3) skeletal muscle and liver 4) heart and brain 5) adipose tissue and brain

skeletal muscle and liver

Which of the below organs is the primary site of nutrient absorption? 1) liver 2) small intestine 3) pancreas 4) large intestine 5) stomach

small intestine

Pepsin is produced in the __________ and initiates the chemical breakdown of ____________. 1) mouth, complex carbohydrates 2) stomach, nucleic acids 3) stomach, lipids 4) stomach, nucleic acids 5) stomach, proteins

stomach, proteins

Carbohydrate digestion initiated in the oral cavity continues in the esophagus because: 1) the esophageal glands produce amylase 2) the salivary glands have openings that entend into the upper end of the esophagus 3) the pH in the esophagus is similar to the pH in the oral cavity 4) there is excess nitric oxide in the esophagus

the pH in the esophagus is similar to the pH in the oral cavity

Those microscopic structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and thus aid in the absorption of food are called? 1) intestinal glands 2) plicae circulares 3) villi 4) rugae

villi

The churning movements of the stomach are controlled by pace maker cells found in the: 1) spinal cord 2) walls of the stomach 3) right atrium 4) vagus nerve

walls of the stomach

Which of the below substances are passively absorbed? 1) glucose, fat 2) amino acids, water 3) water, fat 4) glucose ,amino acids

water, fat

How is salivation controlled? 1) By an alkaline pH 2) By salivary hormones produced by the epithelium of the oral cavity 3) By an acidic pH 4) By the parasympathetic nervous system 5) By the sympathetic nervous system

By the parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following apply to the small intestine? 1)Foods are acted on for the first time in this organ by protein splitting enzymes. 2) Most of the nutrient absorption from the digestive tract occurs here. 3) Carbohydrates and proteins but not fats are digested. 4) Bile is produced here.

Most of the nutrient absorption from the digestive tract occurs here.

Control of digestive activity is mainly through the sympathetic nervous system. 1) True 2) False

False

Anabolic metabolism includes: 1) changes of larger molecules into smaller ones 2) destructive processes by which substances are decomposed 3) constructive processes by which substances are synthesized 4) the process of glycolysis

constructive processes by which substances are synthesized

Which of the following statements best describes the action of CCK? 1) relaxation of the gall bladder and contraction of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 2) contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter 3) relaxation of the gall bladder and the hepatopancreatic sphincter 4) contraction of the gall bladder and the hepatopancreatic sphincter

contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter

Which of the following is NOT an example of an anabolic reaction? 1) conversion of glycogen into glucose 2) conversion of amino acids into complex proteins 3) conversion of glucose into proteins 4) conversion of glucose into triglycerides

conversion of glycogen into glucose

All of the following are substances that have a protein component, except: 1) fibrinogen 2) gammaglobulins 3) hemoglobin 4) glycerol 5) myelin

glycerol

When aminoacids are utilized to synthesize glucose the process is called? 1) gluconeogenesis 2) glucogenolysis 3) glycogenesis 4) glycogenolysis

gluconeogenesis

The absorbable digestion byproduct of starch is: 1) polysaccharide 2) glucose 3) amino acid 4) glycerol 5) fatty acid

glucose

Which of the following substances increases in amount during cellular respiration? 1) ATP 2) oxygen 3) glucose 4) glycogen

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

When fatty chyme comes in contact with the mucosa of the duodenum, it stimulates the release of _____ which acts on the _________. 1) secretin, large intestine 2) secretin, small intestine 3) gastrin, stomach 4) CCK, gall bladder

CCK, gall bladder

In the complete aerobic breakdown of a glucose molecule one of the end products removed by the body is? 1) Carbon dioxide 2) Pyruvic acid 3) ATP 4) Lactic acid

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the large intestine? 1) Is divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions. 2) Contains bacteria that synthesize certain nutritional factors such as vitamin K and B complex. 3) Serves as the main digestive organ. 4) Absorbs much of the water remaining in the undigested chyme.

Serves as the main digestive organ.

The stimulus for production of intestinal juice is the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine. 1) True 2) False

True

The absorbable products of protein digestion are: 1) glycerol and water 2) nucleotides 3) amino acids 4) fatty acids 5) monosaccharides

amino acids

Brush border enzymes help digest.. 1) fats 2) carbohydrates 3) carbohydrates and proteins 4) proteins and fats 5) proteins

carbohydrates and proteins

The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin: 1) breakdown of food into smaller particles by churning movements 2) digestion of lipids 3) digestion of carbohydrates 4) digestion of proteins

digestion of proteins

Chemical digestion involves: 1) enzymatic action on complex substances to break them into simpler substances 2) anabolic processes..joining together smaller molecules 3) the churning of food in the stomach 4) segmentation in the small intestine

enzymatic action on complex substances to break them into simpler substances

Brush border enzymes are produced by: 1) epithelial cells of the gastric pits 2) epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine 3) epithelial cells lining the crypts of Lieberkuhn 4) epithelial cells lining the colon

epithelial cells lining the villi of the small intestine