NUTR 121: Ch 4 Practice Test

Which term reflects the degree to which a particular food raises blood glucose levels? a. starch count b. added sugars c. energy amount d. glycemic index e. glucose reference

d. glycemic index

What facilitates blood glucose uptake by the muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver? a. glucagon b. lactose c. sugar alcohols d. insulin e. thyroid hormone

d. insulin

Galactose and fructose are monosaccharides that are converted to glucose in the __________. a. pancreas b. mouth c. small intestine d. liver e. stomach

d. liver

What is a disaccharide comprising glucose and galactose? a. sucrose b. maltose c. fructose d. starch e. lactose

e. lactose

Starch that you eat is first broken down in the ________ [liver, mouth, large intestine, small intestine, stomach] and then the ________ [liver, mouth, large intestine, small intestine, stomach], where absorption occurs, and these monosaccharides can then be converted into glucose in the ________ [liver, mouth, large intestine, small intestine, stomach] before going out to the cells of the body.

Starch that you eat is first broken down in the mouth and then the small intestine, where absorption occurs, and these monosaccharides can then be converted into glucose in the liver before going out to the cells of the body.

A general term for a complex carbohydrate or a long strand of glucose units linked together is ______ [cellulose, monosaccharide, starch, glycogen, polysaccharide, granules]. Plants store glucose as ______ [cellulose, monosaccharide, starch, glycogen, polysaccharide, granules], whereas humans store glucose as ______ [cellulose, monosaccharide, starch, glycogen, polysaccharide, granules]. The most abundant source of glucose on earth, ______ [cellulose, monosaccharide, starch, glycogen, polysaccharide, granules], cannot be digested by humans.

A general term for a complex carbohydrate or a long strand of glucose units linked together is polysaccharide. Plants store glucose as starch, whereas humans store glucose as glycogen. The most abundant source of glucose on earth, cellulose, cannot be digested by humans.

Identify whether the following health effects are most characteristic of insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, or both. - Slows transit of food through the upper digestive tract: ______ [insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, both insoluble and soluble fibers] - Lowers blood cholesterol: ______ [insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, both insoluble and soluble fibers] - Lowers risk of hemorrhoids: ______ [insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, both insoluble and soluble fibers] - Alleviates constipation: ______ [insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, both insoluble and soluble fibers] - Slows glucose absorption: ______ [insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, both insoluble and soluble fibers]

Identify whether the following health effects are most characteristic of insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, or both. - Slows transit of food through the upper digestive tract: soluble fiber - Lowers blood cholesterol: soluble fiber - Lowers risk of hemorrhoids: insoluble fiber - Alleviates constipation: both insoluble - Slows glucose absorption: soluble fiber

The Atkins Diet was initially a no-carb diet. If an individual has little to no carbohydrates in their diet the body shifts to using fat metabolism for energy. An increase in ________ [ketosis, ketone bodies, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes 300 g, 130 g, 50 g] can accumulate in the blood and cause ________ [ketosis, ketone bodies, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes 300 g, 130 g, 50 g] due to this shift in metabolism. The DRI recommends a minimum of ________ [ketosis, ketone bodies, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes 300 g, 130 g, 50 g] carbohydrates per day to feed the brain.

The Atkins Diet was initially a no carb diet. If an individual has little to no carbohydrates in their diet the body shifts to using fat metabolism for energy. An increase in ketone bodies can accumulate in the blood and cause ketosis due to this shift in metabolism. The DRI recommends a minimum of 130 g carbohydrates per day to feed the brain.

The predominant type of diabetes is type ______ [insulin, glucagon, pancreas, liver] diabetes, characterized by ______ [insulin, glucagon, pancreas, liver] resistance of the body's cells. In contrast, the person with type ______ [insulin, glucagon, pancreas, liver] diabetes does not produce enough insulin because the person's immune system attacks the cells of the ______ [insulin, glucagon, pancreas, liver] that produce it.

The predominant type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance of the body's cells. In contrast, the person with type 1 diabetes does not produce enough insulin because the person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas that produce it.

Tina eats approximately 2,450 cal per day and her carbohydrate intake is 35 percent of her diet. How many grams of carbohydrates does Tina eat per day? a. 304 g b. 580 g c. 439 g d. 175 g e. 214 g

e. 214 g

Carbohydrates are the first link in the food chain and are obtained almost exclusively from _______ [protein, glucose, photosynthesis, oxygen, plants, animals]. Through ______ [protein, glucose, photosynthesis, oxygen, plants, animals] , plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form ________[protein, glucose, photosynthesis, oxygen, plants, animals], from which the human body can obtain energy. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and _______[protein, glucose, photosynthesis, oxygen, plants, animals].

Carbohydrates are the first link in the food chain and are obtained almost exclusively from plants. Through photosynthesis, plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose, from which the human body can obtain energy. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Tina is a 22-year-old who drinks at least 20 oz of regular soda per day with minimal exercise. She has been obese all of her life and is likely to have __________, which puts her at a higher risk for developing heart disease. a. high blood pressure b. pancreatic dysfunction c. type 1 diabetes d. insulin resistance e. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

a. high blood pressure

Evidence suggests that foods rich in fiber can improve heart health. Which food item is the best choice to lower your blood cholesterol level and reduce cardiovascular disease risk? a. oatmeal b. brown rice c. white rice d. wheat bran e. purified fiber

a. oatmeal

What does the human brain prefer to metabolize as its energy source? a. alcohols b. minerals c. carbohydrates d. proteins e. fats

c. carbohydrates

To make sure you are choosing a whole-grain product, what should you do? a. Look for the words "stone ground" on the label. b. Look for products brown in color. c. Look for a high-fiber food claim. d. Look for whole grains listed as the first ingredient. e. Buy the most expensive product.

d. Look for whole grains listed as the first ingredient.