12a. Social Thinking and Social Influence

People in many nations responded to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic by buying large quantities of specific items, such as toilet paper. Attempts to explain this behavior MOST directly involve the process of:

attribution

Social thinking is to social influence as _____ is to _____.

attribution; conformity

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would MOST likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on _____ route persuasion.

central

Celebrity endorsements represent one way to influence an audience via _____ route persuasion.

peripheral

Laxmi is a mother. The responsibilities and expectations associated with this position constitute a social:

role

The branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in interpersonal situations is called _____ psychology.

social

After a light turns green, drivers take about 15 percent less time to travel the first 100 yards when another car is beside them at the intersection than when they are alone. This BEST illustrates:

social facilitation

People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain:

the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation

Sherelle is with three of her friends at a restaurant. One of her friends yawns, then another friend, and then Sherelle. She has just experienced:

the chameleon effect

The text notes that in some nations, political conservatives explain the poverty and unemployment of some members of society by citing their lack of initiative or responsibility. This explanation MOST closely reflects:

the fundamental attribution error

Joshua is on trial for simple assault. He has pleaded not guilty. A psychiatrist has testified that Joshua has a gene that has altered the area of his brain related to aggressive behavior. What is MOST likely to happen?

the judge will give him a lighter sentence

Cognitive dissonance theory emphasizes that people seek to reduce the discomfort they feel when they become aware that:

their attitudes and actions conflict

In which situation is one MOST likely to conform?

when everyone else in the group agrees

In which situation is one MOST likely to conform?

when others in the group are observing one's behavior

During the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, Dareen believed that self-quarantining was the best way that people could slow the spread of the virus. One night, however, Dareen couldn't resist attending a small dinner party at a friend's home. Thereafter, Dareen asserted that small gatherings of seemingly uninfected people were unlikely to contribute to the virus's spread. Dareen's apparent change in attitude to match her behavior reflects:

cognitive dissonance

La'Tasha is somewhat troubled by her failure to quit smoking when she knows how destructive it may be to her health. She tells herself that the cigarettes she smokes are so light and low in tar and nicotine that they are probably unlikely to do much damage. Which theory BEST explains why La'Tasha adopts this attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

Cultures that focus on "we," on meeting group standards and accommodating others are BEST described as _____ cultures.

collectivist

Attitudes are:

emotional, cognitive, and behavioral

In one study on social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students pulled hardest when they thought:

no one else was pulling with them.