am gov final study set

__________ created new bureaucracies to administer new programs for health care (Affordable Care Act) and oversight of the financial services industry (Dodd-Frank Act).

Barack Obama

Prior to the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the budget-makingprocess was the responsibility of

Congress

The entry point in the United States federal court system is the

the U.S. District Courts.

Presidential vetoes tend to increase when

the opposite party controls Congress.

The text points out that one of the reasons the United States has such low voter turnout is

the requirement of voters to register to vote.

The glue that binds both friends and foes in an issue network is

their knowledge, expertise, and interest in a particular policy area

Black Lives Matter protests are an example of

unconventional participation

One might say of Americans that "We hate interest groups, except those that

​speak on our behalf."

The Amendment granting women the right to vote is the

19th Amendment

political ideology

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a

Problems are defined as political issues at what stage of the policy making process?

Agenda setting

Every two years, ____ of the House must stand for reelection.

All

Which of the following can be used to overturn a Supreme Court decision declaring a federal law unconstitutional

Amending the U.S. Constitution

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones.

​state equality rule

Among the most undemocratic​ features of the U.S. Constitution is the

Law that is made by judges rather than a legislature is known as ____ law.

Common

The War Powers Resolution of 1973 is an example of

Congress seeking to reassert eroded authority.

When Congress willingly gives the President responsibility to administer programs, which of the following is occurring?

Delegation of powers

Presidents have many powers granted to them by the Framers. Which of the following is an expansion of the original authorization of executive authority?

Executive orders

All citizens are guaranteed the equal protection of the laws by the

Fourteenth Amendment.

____ refers to redrawing district lines for partisan advantage.

Gerrymandering

The power to originate revenue bills resides with the

House of Representatives alone.

Under what conditions is prayer permitted in public schools?

If the prayer takes place outside instructional hours and is not sponsored by the school

Which of the following is most true of implementation?

It is a difficult and complex process involving the coordination of many agencies, levels, and interests.

The theory suggesting that government can stabilize the economy indirectly by changing aggregate demand through fiscal and monetary policies is called

Keynesianism

Which of the following best identifies the basis for state representation in the Electoral College?

Number of representatives in Congress

promoting equality

Of the following major objectives of government, the most recent one is

anarchism

Opposition to government in all forms is called

Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights?

Powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals

What is the major rationale for affirmative action?

Special consideration for racial minorities is necessary to overcome the effects of centuries of racial discrimination.

The ____ is not a national political party because it does not nominate its own candidates.

Tea Party

a separation of powers

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as:

Enumerated

The constitutional provision found in Article I, Section 8, which gives Congress the means to execute its powers, is an example of what type of power?

the Tenth Amendment

The constitutional provision that made dual federalism possible is

pluralism

The division of authority in the U.S. Constitution among competing branches and levels of government has facilitated

equality of opportunity

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

Each year thousands of lawsuits are filed in the United States. How do most of them end?

The overwhelming majority are settled before a judgment is rendered.

The Great Compromise resolved what issue?

The power of large versus small states

the Great Depression.

The shift away from dual federalism and toward cooperative federalism was a response to the problems associated with

elite theory

The view that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics is called

checks and balances

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

communitarians

Valuing order and equality more than freedom is a characteristic of

eclaration of Independence

Which document contains the phrase "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"?

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor going to war.

One interesting feature of the U.S. Constitution is that it is

a comprehensive document of only 4300 words

The legal powers of bureaucratic agencies derive from

a congressional grant of authority.

When the air you breathe is made cleaner as a result of lobbying done by an interest group to which you do not belong, you are an example o

a free rider.

Many observers of U.S. politics contend that the majoritarian model is not a good description of our system because

a majority of American citizens are poorly informed about or uninterested in politics.

The U.S. Constitution, written in 1787 for an agricultural society currently guides the political life of:

a massive urban society in the nuclear age

If the U.S. system of single member districts with plurality voting were replaced with a system of proportional representation, one possible consequence would be

a movement toward a multiparty system.

A key component of the Virginia Plan was

a strong national legislature.

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison advocated

a system that would inherently control the effects of factions

The critical election of 1932 resulted in the

achievement of majority status for the Democratic Party.

The last major expansion of suffrage in the United States involved the criterion of

age

A major reason for the use of committees in Congress is that they

allow members of Congress to develop expertise in certain policy areas.

Dual federalism is the practice of

allowing the states and the federal government to exercise power separately in areas of legitimate concern to them.

A citizen who lives in the District of Columbia, owns a firearm, and may possess a gun on his person may consider his gun ownership

an individual right.

The pluralist model of democracy contrasts with the majoritarian model on the role of public opinion because the pluralist model

asks government to take into account the opinions of minorities.

A President who comes to Washington with a large set of predetermined goals and pursues them all unbendingly will probably

be unsuccessful at winning the support of Congress and the bureaucracy.

Money awarded for broad, general purposes is called a ____ grant.

block

A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority is a(n

bureaucracy

In the U.S., freedom of press has primarily meant protection from

censorship

Prior restraint refers to

censorship before publication

The most distinguishing feature of American political parties has always been the absence of

centralized power

The primary function of the U.S. courts of appeals is to

consider the rulings and procedures followed in the trial courts.

Political socialization

continues throughout life.

The question of what war powers are appropriate to Congress

continues to generate controversy, due to the sharing of war authority between the Congress and the commander in chief.

Displaying campaign signs in front of a home would be described as

conventional participation

Committees can "punish" an agency by

cutting its budget.

The U.S. Constitution does not give the President power to

declare war.

In general, voter turnout has since the 1950s and 1960s,

decreased

A strategy that relies on a group representative's personal contact with policy makers is

direct lobbying.

Budgetary earmarks for colleges and universities would be anexample of

distributive policies.

When different political parties control the Presidency and Congress, it is called

divided government.

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court

endorsed the separate-but-equal doctrine

Jim Crow laws were intended to

enforce racial segregation.

An increasingly complex U.S. society has caused the government at all levels to

expand

The major agents of early socialization in the United States are

family, school, community, and peers

Liberals

favor the use of government to foster equality

When state law conflicts with federal law,

federal law takes precedence.

Third parties were the original policy advocates for Correct Answer

female suffrage. the graduated income tax. direct election of senators

The classic Senate delay tactic of talking a bill to death is called

filibustering

The lesson to be learned from the case study on the evaluation of the abstinence-only sex education programs is that

for most states, research indicates that abstinence-only sex education has been ineffective.

Party machines centralized party organizations at the local level that dominated politics by controlling local elections declined because

government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines.

In the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court mandated an end to

government-imposed racial segregation in public schools.

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to lay and collect taxes. This is an example of the use of a(n)_______ power.

implied

Most of the money contributed to candidates for Congress goes to

incumbents

The American public generally holds

individual members of Congress in higher regard than it holds Congress as an institution.

The primary goal of interest groups is to

influence public policy.

Fragmentation of policy making is encouraged by

interest group politics. separation of powers.

The central dynamic of pluralist democracy consists of the interaction of

interest groups and government.

Studies of public opinion suggest that for the majority of Americans, ideology

is not very important.

The number of seats granted to each state in the House of Representatives

is reapportioned every ten years after the national census.

Stare decisis is the

judicial principle of tending to honor precedents in similar cases.

The Supreme Court's power to declare laws invalid if they violate the Constitution is called

judicial review.

The influential AFL-CIO represents

labor unions.

According to the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision,

laws dealing with religion must have a secular purpose, neither advance nor inhibit religion, and avoid excessive entanglement between religion and the state.

Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

low education, low income, and being relatively young.

Voter turnout when compared to many European nations is

lower

Presidents' concern with public opinion can be defended as a means of furthering

majoritarian democracy.

Civil liberties declare what the government

may not do to citizens.

Some suggest that interest groups provide better representation for their constituents than do members of Congress because

members of Congress are pressured by many groups and opinions; interest groups are more focused.

An underlying assumption of the concept of descriptive representation seems to be that

minorities can be effectively represented only by people of their own kind.

Supporters of cooperative federalism argue that if there are national crises,

national and state governments and agencies should act jointly and share power to resolve the national crisis together.

An important idea of pluralist theory is that

new interest groups naturally form when the need arises.

The following group has in general become more Democratic than Republican today:

non-whites

A citizen who gives a speech advocating the use of violent force against the U.S. government can be convicted of a crime

only if his or her words are likely to produce imminent lawless action.

Most Americans support pursuing equality of ____ more than equality of ____.

opportunity; outcome

The complexity of the American federal system encourages

pluralism

The bureaucracy may not be fully responsive to a president's wishes because

pluralist pressures may pull the agency in a direction other than that favored by the president.

Which of the following is a part of the policy making process where the national government analyzes how well a policy is doing?

policy evaluation.

The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

political socialization

Government corporations are most likely to be created when a service is for the public good and

private industry cannot profitably provide the service.

The purpose of the Civil War amendments was to

provide freedom and political equality to black Americans.

A(n) ____ is a requirement that some proportional share of some benefit goes to a favored group; a(n) ____ aims for proportional allocation but does not require it.

quota; goal

De facto segregation is

racial segregation in public schools resulting from residential patterns and without government involvement.

The civil service system was created to

reduce the amount of politics in awarding government jobs.

According to French observer Alexis de Tocqueville, the American tendency to join associations

reflects a strong democratic culture.

California voting requirements allow people to vote who are

registered

Republicanism is a form of government in which power

resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives.

Opinion polling involves interviewing a small number of people to measure public sentiment. This small number is called a:

sample

The Supreme Court's interpretation of the commerce clause has historically

served to increase national power.

The significance of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is that this clause has been used as a ____ to absorb and apply the Bill of Rights to state laws.

sponge

The congressional budget committees

supervise a comprehensive budget review process.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), which challenged a Connecticut statute making the use of birth control devices a crime, established the principle that

the Bill of Rights as a whole creates a zone of personal privacy or autonomy.

The government first took steps to provide income security in the wake of

the Civil War.

The inferior courts legally authorized by the U.S. Constitution must be created by

the U.S. Congress.

Majoritarians would argue that government should follow public opinion due to

the clear and consistent policy opinions held by the majority of the people.

The basic definition of public opinion is

the collected attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question

When the Bill of Rights was first ratified, it placed restrictions on

the national government but not state governments.

A proponent of states' rights would argue that

the national government's powers should be interpreted narrowly

Richard Neustadt identifies the heart of presidential power as

the power to persuade.

Most democratic nations use

the proportional representation system

While presidents don't have direct control over regulatory commissions, they can strongly influence their direction through​

their appointments of new commissioners.

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

Young voters have

voted more as they age

When a new President argues that he has a mandate, he is claiming that

voters elected him to carry out specific policies discussed during the campaign.

A distinguishing fact about the Republican Party is that it

was founded to combat slavery.

According to Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78, the judicial branch would be the

weakest branch of government.

Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their sampling, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.

​cell phones