"American History" Herring {9.4} The Civil War: The Turning Point

Although ________________ seized control of the ________________ as far south as Memphis, there was one Confederate stronghold at ________________. The only way to take the city was by siege.

Ulysses S. Grant; Mississippi River; Vicksburg, Mississippi

Why were the battles of Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Chattanooga important to the Union cause?

Vicksburg was the last Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River, the only obstacle to the Union's controlling the Southern part of the river. If Grant could take the city, he would split the Confederacy in two. Grant scored a major victory at Vicksburg. Union troops in the east were then battered at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Lee moved north into Pennsylvania to Gettysburg. General George Meade rallied the Union forces and scored a major victory there, which became the turning point of the war and put Lee's army on the defensive. A major battle erupted near Chattanooga, a key Southern railroad junction. With a Union victory here, the way was cleared to invade Georgia.

Lincoln rewarded General Grant by appointing him ________________ of the Union forces and promoting him to ________________ , a rank no one had held since George Washington.

general in chief; lieutenant general

At Gettysburg, the Confederacy lost over ________________ of Lee's entire army. This battle proved to be the ________________ of the war. The Union victory ensured that ________________ would not recognize ________________.

one-third; turning point; Britain; the Confederacy

The attack lasted ________________, with Confederate troops and city residents near ________________. When they city fell, the Confederacy had been ________________.

six weeks; starvation; cut in two

Grant won an important battle at ________________, taking control of a vital ________________. The Union now controlled ________________ and enabled them to ________________.

Chattanooga, Tennessee; railroad junction; eastern Tennessee; invade Georgia

Union forces had been weakened by defeats at ________________ and ________________. Lee's army marched into ________________. Lee attacked the Union troops at the town of ________________.

Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Pennsylvania; Gettysburg

On July 3, Lee ordered an attack known as _________________. Confederate troops suffered ________________ in less than 30 minutes. Lee rallied his troops and began a ________________.

Pickett's Charge; 7,000 casualties; retreat to Virginia