American Urban History Final
Urban Elites
(best long term interest) sincerely saw their interest as best for city
progressivism
-middle class movement, control -prohibition, largely motivated for behavior of others, control undemocratic- expert rule
alternatives
-number of efforts to weaken machines, municipal reform (alliances of the best people) 1. decrease democratic participation 2. replace ward based representations with at large voting 3. appointed rather than elected officials, civil services
policing
1. heirarchal 2. semi-military 3. uniformed 4. fixed salaries 5. right to use force 6. duties 7. specialized in crime
american urbanization
1. relatively unregulated 2. relative prosperity (good employment) 3. abundant land 4. high mobility
preindustrial era
1600s-1830s commercial economic base-water
industrial era
1830, end of WW2, centralization, water, railroad
fire
California, wine country Oct. 8-9
hurricanes
Harvey- Aug. 26th-4-TX Irma-Sep 10th-5-FLA Maria-Sep 20th-5/4-P.R,V.I Nate-Oct. 7th-8th-1-L.A.,MISS.
continuity
capitalist, largely unplanned, growth orientated, industry & housing spread out
nightwatches
citizens were required, eye out for fires, if they did not show up for their shifts they would be fined
humanitarian
control, insensitive, vocational school
city services
downplays negatives, wouldn't pick up garbage, help not impartial, corruption-stealing, selling votes (bribes), city services non refundent, mercessily high tax rebate, corruption(vice area), extortion (machines controlled licensing)
constable
employed by courts, afford services
disease
epidemic (common; worse in the south) want to maintain
broad
everyone could vote by 1920
metropolitan region
major central place along w/ satellite cities and suburbs, or even a regional congregation, of medium urban places, and suburbs w/o a major central place
postindustrialization era
metropolitan 1920-present
change
population in cities, noneuropean concentration, inability to annex
1) Core populations
priests, boarding houses
ghetto
quarter of a city where a minority group lives, because social, legal, or economic pressure
2) formal, informal institutions
religious, ethnic groups, businesses
reciprocity
the machine helped out and you vote for the machine
social groups
threat, strong arm tactic, sheer persistence, organization
decentralization
trucks, electricity, air
machine politics
understanding, dampen social tensions, scheduled raids, surpressing conflict, tied to class status quo, not support, literal sellouts, made cities work, get programs passed, help available
yellow fever
virus, comes from female mosquito bit, no warning to the people
3) group concentration
working class
urban people
working class,