AMH UNIT 1 TEST

Why did the Colored Farmers' National Alliance end?

A posse lynched 15 strikers.

What does the following quotation mean: "In 1899, McKinley spoke of lowering tariff barriers in a world that technology had made smaller"?

After technology had connected the United States to the rest of the world, it made sense to lower taxes on goods to and from other countries.

How did the Democrats and Republicans feel about federal tariffs in the 1880s?

Democrats wanted to lower the tariff, but Republicans felt that this undermined American business.

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Thus is the problem of rich and poor to be solved. The laws of accumulation will be left free, the laws of distribution free. Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor, intrusted for a season with a great part of the increased wealth of the community, but administering it for the community far better than it could or would have done for itself. The best minds will thus have reached a stage in the development of the race in which it is clearly seen that there is no mode of disposing of surplus wealth creditable to thoughtful and earnest men into whose hands it flows save by using it year by year for the general good." -Source: Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," North American Review, 1889 The ideas about the responsibility of wealth expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

Gospel of Wealth

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Iron replaced wood; steel replaced iron; and electricity . . . replaced horsepower. In 1870 agricultural production surpassed industrial production by about $500 million. Both were increasing year by year. But by 1900 manufacturing had increased by more than four times. . . . "Industrial growth and westward expansion were assured by the revolution in transportation and the revolution in communications. . . . A transcontinental railroad network brought farm and factory, country and town closer together. Telegraph and telephone, electricity and press increased public knowledge, business efficiency, and political debates." -Source: Sean Dennis Cashman, America in the Gilded Age, 1993 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that innovations like the telegraph had on the American economy?

It improved the organization of the production process.

Read the passage and answer the question below. "Of the numerous other tariffs increased to protectionist levels after the war, the most abusive examples were the treatment of steel rails and nickel. In the case of steel rails, Congress changed the tariff in 1870 . . . to a specific duty based on weight, which came to $28 per ton. The effect of this change was astronomical due to new efficiencies then developing in the steel industry . . . which caused the price of steel to drop dramatically after 1870. . . . At a time of high demand for railroad materials in the late 1870s, during a period of explosive growth of rail lines, these domestic producers made out like bandits—or, more appropriately, robber barons—until the demand finally tapered off." -Source: C. Donald Johnson, historian, The Wealth of a Nation: A History of Trade Politics in America, 2018 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that tariffs had on economic growth during the Gilded Age?

It increased the price of foreign goods and supported the sale of American-made goods.

What was a result of the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act?

It strengthened the Democrats who supported silver in their bid for the 1896 presidency.

Which of the following statements best describes the perspective expressed in the image about politics in the nineteenth century? (Image is Big Thumb Crushing the city)

Political machines had an unprecedented amount of control over local politics.

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "The foreign-born residents of Chicago and of other large cities of the country tend to segregate themselves in separate national groups where, in churches and schools, and in social, fraternal, and national organizations, the speech, the ideals, and to some extent the manner of life of the mother country are zealously preserved and guarded. . . . These children are held in a sense to a double standard; they are inevitably drawn to the American manners and customs which they meet in the school, on the street, and in the factory, while in their own homes the old European standards of life are maintained." -Source: Edith Abbott and Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge, "Chapter 3: The Child of the Immigrant," The Delinquent Child and the Home, 1917 The immigrant neighborhoods described in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following characteristics of American society during the period?

a rise in cultural pluralism in major cities

Which best describes the decision that shattered the Populist party in 1896?

endorsement for the presidency of the Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "The millionaires are a product of natural selection, acting on the whole body of men to pick out those who can meet the requirement of certain work to be done. In this respect, they are just like the great statesmen, or scientific men, or military men. It is because they are thus selected that wealth—both their own and that entrusted to them—aggregates under their hands. . . . They may fairly be regarded as the naturally selected agents of society for certain work." -Source: William Graham Sumner, The Challenge of Facts: and Other Essays, 1914 The perspective expressed in the excerpt most directly supported which of the following?

limited government regulation of businesses or the economy

President Cleveland broke the Pullman strike on grounds that it had __________.

obstructed the delivery of the mail

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "'What can labor do for itself?' The answer is not difficult. Labor can organize, it can unify, it can consolidate its forces. This done, it can demand and command. Such are the possible and the practical things labor can do, is doing, and will continue to do until constitutions and courts and laws based upon principles of eternal justice, make no distinction in dealing with the people." -Eugene V. Debs, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen's Magazine, 1893 People who shared the author's ideas at the time most typically sought to achieve their goals by doing which of the following?

organizing strikes and bargaining through representatives

The Pendleton Act __________.

provided a merit system for national government jobs

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "You have won no victories worthy the name. You are slaves, every last one of you. . . . Arouse from your slavery, join the Social Democratic Party and vote with us to take possession of the mines of the country and operate them in the interest of the people . . . and then, and only then, will 'glorious victories' have been achieved and you and your comrades be free and your families happy." -Source: Eugene V. Debs, 1899 The remarks in the excerpt were most likely given in response to which of the following?

successful strikes against business leaders

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "It seemed to me that Hull-House ought to be able to devise some educational enterprise, which should build a bridge between European and American experiences in such wise as to give them both more meaning and a sense of relation. I meditated that perhaps the power to see life as a whole is more needed in the immigrant quarter of a large city than anywhere else, and that the lack of power is the most fruitful source of misunderstanding between European immigrants and their children, as it is between them and their American neighbors: and why should that chasm between fathers and sons, yawning at the feet of each generation, be made so unnecessarily cruel and impassable to these bewildered immigrants?" -Source: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, 1912 People who shared Addams' ideas at the time most typically sought to achieve their goals by doing which of the following?

providing social services in immigrant neighborhoods

The greatest change in American literature during the late 1800s was the rise of __________.

realism

The writings of Mark Twain __________.

relied on realism and humor

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "Destiny and the vast future interests of the United States in the Pacific clearly indicate who, at no distant day, must be responsible for the government of these islands. Under a territorial government they could be as easily governed. "The men qualified are here to carry on good government, provided they have the support of the Government of the United States. . . . If the American flag floats here at no distant day, the Asiatic tendencies can be arrested and controlled without retarding the material development of the islands, but surely advancing their prosperity by diversifying and expanding the industries, building roads and bridges . . . constituting a solid basis for American methods of government." -Source: John L. Stevens, in a letter to John W. Foster, 1892 Which of the following best represents continuity in the years before 1892 with the ideas that the author expressed in the excerpt?

the acquisition of the Louisiana territory

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "No industry will ever be given up, except in order to take up a better one; and if, under free trade, any of our industries should perish, it would only be because the removal of restrictions enabled some other industry to offer so much better rewards, that labor and capital would seek the latter. It is plain that, if a man does not know of any better way to earn his living than the one which he is in, he must remain in that, or move to some other place." -Source: William Graham Sumner, "Protectionism," 1885 Which of the following developments from the late nineteenth century emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt?

the application of Darwin's theory of evolution to explain the economic success of business leaders

"In the end, the Ghost Dance offered believers, not an immediate and violent rejection of American governance, but an intense spiritual and emotional experience that facilitated their accommodation to American dominance in many areas of Indian life while simultaneously allowing them to seek out health and prosperity on Indian terms. The Ghost Dance, in other words, helped many believers accept conquest while strengthening their resolve to resist assimilation." -Source: Louis S. Warren, God's Red Son: The Ghost Dance Religion and the Making of Modern America, 2017 Which of the following contributed most directly to the trend described in the excerpt?

the creation of government policies forcing indigenous communities to relocate to reservations

Read the passage and answer the question below. "As America steadily became more urban and as real incomes rose, the share of food and clothing produced at home declined sharply, freeing some of the time previously engaged in household production. New types of processed food were invented, and many of today's name brands became commonplace in the last three decades of the nineteenth century." -Source: Robert J. Gordon, historian, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War, 2016 The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments?

the effects of industrialization

"The object is to accomplish a thorough and systematic organization among farmers, horticulturists, and those engaged in rural pursuits throughout the United States, that will secure among them intimate social relations and acquaintance with each other, for the advancement and elevation of their pursuits, with an appreciation of their true interests. By such means may be accomplished that which exists throughout the country in all other vocations and among all other classes — combined co-operative association for the individual improvement and common benefit." -Source: W. Scott Morgan, History of the Wheel and Alliance and the Impending Revolution, 1889 The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following trends during the 1870s and 1880s?

the creation of organizations aimed at connecting farmers at local and regional levels

"It is little more than four years ago since I was last in this then almost unknown, but now world-famous, oil region. In the comparatively brief interval that has elapsed everything but the geographic conformation of the country, everything but its mountains and rivers, has been changed. . . . "Take one instance. Corry, four years ago, was a poor farm where the thinly-scratched soil of cold clay land yielded so little that the whole place, buildings and all, might easily have been purchased at 8 or 10 dols. an acre. . . . I was at Corry the other night. It is a fine rough city of about 10,000 inhabitants. The Atlantic and Great Western Railway, which has opened it up, has its great depot there, and has made it the central exchange of petroleum. It has nearly twenty banks, two newspapers, and the city is now building a large opera-house. The quotations made on the oil exchange at Corry, whether of oil, gold, or breadstuffs, influence Wall-street, and have infinitely greater weight on the trade of the country than anything done throughout all of Pennsylvania. -Source: "The Oil Regions of Pennsylvania," The Money Market Review: A Weekly Commercial and Financial Journal, Volumes 10-11, 1865 Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt?

the discovery of new mineral resources and fuel across the United States

Which of these was a demand of the Populist party?

the free coinage of silver

Read the excerpts and answer the question below. SOURCE 1: "We must make a departure. Instead of laying on the burdens of taxation upon the necessaries of life, instead of destroying our foreign commerce, we should encourage it as we would encourage our home commerce. We should remove every unnecessary burden." -Source: Democratic Congressman Roger Q. Mills, Congressional Record, 1888 SOURCE 2: "We are uncompromisingly in favor of the American system of protection; we protest against its destruction as proposed by the President and his party. They serve the interests of Europe; we will support the interests of America." -Source: Republican Party Platform, 1888 The excerpts most directly reflect which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century?

the growing divisions between political parties over economic policy

Read the excerpt and answer the question below. "New machines transformed both woodworking and metal working, to say nothing of whole new generations of machine tools. The ancient art of spinning and weaving gave way to giant factories in which a handful of employees tended machines that could produce more in a day than could have been made in months by hand. Shoes and boots also benefited from new machines that boosted production and lowered prices. Power machinery also made possible affordable carpets, furniture, and other fixtures for homes. . . New or improved machines dramatically increased production in many areas." -Source: Maury Klein, The Genesis of Industrial America, 1870-1920, 2007 Which of the following earlier trends was most similar to the pattern described in the excerpt?

the increase in innovations that improved the efficiency of production methods in the early 1800s

Political cartoon showing an overseer whipping an enslaved man in one panel and a factory owner with a stopwatch glaring at a young woman as she enters a factory in the other panel. The caption reads: "Uncle Sam stopped this horror more than forty years ago. Now he is grappling with this shocking evil of child mines, factories and sweat shops." The image was created most directly in response to which of the following?

the practice of using children as factory workers

"Hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. Provided, further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to invalidate or impair the obligation of any treaty heretofore lawfully made and ratified with any such Indian nation or tribe." -Source: excerpt from the Indian Appropriation Act, 1871 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the law excerpted?

the removal of indigenous peoples from desirable lands and relocation to reservations

Read the passage and answer the question below. "In the fall of 1873, Yale and Princeton met in the first game of their long football rivalry. The players had no uniforms or equipment as we think of them now. They played a soccerlike game under rules agreed on just one month earlier. . . . "Twenty years later, teams throughout the country were playing a distinctly American game of football under a standard code of rules, with standard formations and tactics. They also had plenty of footballs and special football uniforms, made in America and clearly products of a prospering sporting goods industry — a network of manufacturers, distributors, and retailers that had meshed in the late 1860s as baseball became the national pastime. . . . "These 'new providers' determined much of the leisure revolution that turned informal pastimes into commodities." - Source: Richard Butsch, historian, For Fun and Profit: The Transformation of Leisure Into Consumption, 1990 The excerpt best illustrates which of the following developments?

the rise in a consumer culture as leisure time grew

Farmers complained about crop prices during the late nineteenth century, but __________.

their purchasing power actually increased

What was the major objective of the Alliance Movement?

to organize and politicize the American farmer

In the South, a grandfather clause waived the literacy requirement for voters whose ancestors had

voted before 1867

The Sherman Antitrust Act __________.

was vague and at the mercy of the courts

Those who supported the free coinage of silver __________.

were convinced it would help the agrarian sectors