AnaPhy Ch. 17 The Special Senses (second part)

Auditory ossicles develop from the

1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

Degenerative disorder of the retina in persons 50 years of age and older; Abnormalities occur in the region of the macula lutea

AGE-RELATED MACULAR DISEASE (AMD)

At the end of each canal is a swollen enlargement

AMPULLA

Extending across the middle ear and attached to it by ligaments are the three smallest bones in the body which are connected by synovial joints

AUDITORY OSSICLES

Consists of both bone and elastic cartilage, connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

AUDITORY TUBE or PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE or EUSTACHIAN TUBE

A flap of elastic cartilage shaped like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin

AURICLE

This membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani

BASILAR MEMBRANE

A series of cavities in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

BONY LABYRINTH

A loss of transparency of the lens; Often occur with aging

CATARACT

Contains a few hairs and specialized sweat glands called __ that secrete earwax or cerumen

CERUMINOUS GLANDS

A bony spiral canal that resembles a snail's shell and makes almost three turns around a central bony core

COCHLEA

A continuation of the membranous labyrinth into the cochlea

COCHLEAR DUCT or SCALA MEDIA

A device that translates sounds into electrical signals that can be interpreted in the brain

COCHLEAR IMPLANT

Inherited inability to distinguish between certain colors

COLOR BLINDNESS

Caused by the impairment of the external and middle ear mechanisms for transmitting sounds to the cochlea

CONDUCTION DEAFNESS

The ampulla contains a small elevation called the __

CRISTA

Covering the crista is a mass of gelatinous material called

CUPULA

A significant or total hearing loss

DEAFNESS

This may occur due to trauma, eye disorder, or age-related degeneration; Detachment occurs between the neural portion of the retina and the pigmented epithelium

DETACHED RETINA

Balance

EQUILIBRIUM

This region consists of the auricle, external auditory canal, and eardrum

EXTERNAL (OUTER) EAR

Is a curved tube about 2.5 cm long that lies in the temporal bone and leads to the eardrum

EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

Persistent intraocular pressure results in progression from mild visual impairment to irreversible destruction of neurons of the retina, damage to the optic nerve, and blindness; It is painless and the other eye compensates largely

GLAUCOMA

Collectively the stereocilia and kinocilium are called

HAIR BUNDLE

Sensory receptors in the macuale

HAIR CELLS and SUPPORTING CELLS

An opening at the apex of the cochlea

HELICOTREMA

The rim of the auricle is called the

HELIX

Paralysis of the stapedius muscle is associated with __, which is abnormally sensitive hearing

HYPERACUSIA

A reduced ability to smell, affects half of those over the age 65 and 75% of those over 80%

HYPOSMIA

The middle bone of the series, articulates with the head of the last or third bone

INCUS

It is also called the labyrinth because of its complicated series of canals

INTERNAL (INNER) EAR

A refractive surgery that's also a popular alternative to wearing glasses or contact lenses; Corrects the curvature of the cornea

LASIK

The inferior portion of the auricle is the

LOBULE

Surface ectoderm thickens to form

Lens Placodes

Lens Placodes invaginate into

Lens Vesicles

Lens vesicles develop into

Lenses

Attached to the inner walls of both the utricle and the saccule is a small, thickened region

MACULA

The handle of this bone attaches to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

MALLEUS

A series of epithelial sacs and tubes inside the bony labyrinth that have the same general form as the bony labyrinth and house the receptors for hearing and equilibrium

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

Results from the increased amount of endolymph that enlarges the membranous labyrinth

MENIERE'S DISEASE

A small air-filled cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone that is lined by epithelium

MIDDLE EAR

A central bony core

MODIOLUS

A condition which results when there is a conflict among the senses with regards to motion

MOTION SICKNESS

The connective tissues develop from

Mesenchyme

There is a damage to the optic nerve with a corresponding loss of vision, even though intraocular pressure is normal

NORMAL-TENSION GLAUCOMA

An acute infection of the middle ear caused mainly by bacteria and associated with infections of the nose and throat

OTITIS MEDIA

Scattered among the hair cells are columnar supporting cells that probably secrete the thick, gelatinous, glycoprotein layer called the

OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE

A layer of dense calcium carbonate crystals that extends over the entire surface of the otolithic membrane

OTOLITHS

The science that deals with the ears, nose, pharynx, and the larynx and their disorders

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

May be examined by a viewing instrument that illuminates and magnifies the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

OTOSCOPE

Optic vesicles invaginate forming

Optic Cups

Eyes begin to develop about 22 days after fertilization when the ectoderm bulges out to form a pair of shallow grooves called

Optic Grooves

Optic grooves grow and become known as

Optic Vesicles

Otic placodes invaginate to form

Otic Pits

Thickening of the surface ectoderm called

Otic Placodes

Otic pits turn into

Otic Vesicles

The tearing of the tympanic membrane is called a

PERFORATED EARDRUM

The fluid, which is chemically similar to cerebrospinal fluid

PERILYMPH

Age progressive loss of hearing in both ear

PREBYCUSIS

With age, the lens loses elasticity and thus its ability to curve to focus on objects that are close; Old people cannot read print at the same close range as young people do

PRESBYOPIA

The directly below the oval window which is enclosed by a membrane called the secondary tympanic membrane

ROUND WINDOW

Detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction

SACCULE

The channel below the cochlear duct is the __, which ends at the round window

SCALA TYMPANI

The channel above the cochlear duct is the __, which ends at the oval window

SCALA VESTIBULI

Projecting superiorly and posteriorly from the vestibule are three bony__

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

Detect rotational acceleration or deceleration

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

Portions of the membranous labyrinth that lie inside the bony semicircular canals are call

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

Caused by either impairment of hair cells in the cochlea or damage of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve.

SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS

Are alternating high and low pressure regions travelling in the same direction through some medium

SOUND WAVES

Rests on the basilar membrane

SPIRAL ORGAN or ORGAN OF CORTI

This muscle is supplied by the facial (VII) nerve is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body

STAPEDIUS

The base or the footplate of this bone fits into the oval window

STAPES

At the apical tip of each hair cell are __ that extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct

STEREOCILIA

People and animals quickly learn to avoid a food if it upsets the digestive system

TASTE AVERSION

A flexible gelatinous membrane, covers the hair cells of the spiral organ

TECTORIAL MEMBRANE

This muscle is supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve, limits movement and increases tension on the eardrum to prevent damage to the inner ear from loud noises

TENSOR TYMPANIC

It is a thin, semitransparent partition between the external auditory canal and middle ear; Covered by epidermis and lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE or EARDRUM

A surgical procedure employed if otitis media occurs frequently; Insertion of a small tube into the eardrum to provide a pathway for the drainage fluid from the middle ear

TYMPANOTOMY

Detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction and also head tilt

UTRICLE

Vestibule has 2 sacs

UTRICLE and SACCULE

Receptor organs for equilibrium

VESTIBULAR APPARATUS

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the

VESTIBULAR GANGLIA

This membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli

VESTIBULAR MEMBRANE

The oval central portion of the bony labyrinth

VESTIBULE

Other name for incus

anvil

The ear is divided into three main regions

external ear, middle ear, internal ear

Other name for malleus

hammer

First portion of the ear to develop is the

internal ear

What are the three smallest bones?

malleus, incus, stapes

External ear develops from the first

pharyngeal cleft

Middle ear develops from a structure called the first

pharyngeal pouch

Other name for stapes

stirrup