AnaPhy Ch. 17 The Special Senses (second part)
Auditory ossicles develop from the
1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches
Degenerative disorder of the retina in persons 50 years of age and older; Abnormalities occur in the region of the macula lutea
AGE-RELATED MACULAR DISEASE (AMD)
At the end of each canal is a swollen enlargement
AMPULLA
Extending across the middle ear and attached to it by ligaments are the three smallest bones in the body which are connected by synovial joints
AUDITORY OSSICLES
Consists of both bone and elastic cartilage, connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx
AUDITORY TUBE or PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE or EUSTACHIAN TUBE
A flap of elastic cartilage shaped like the flared end of a trumpet and covered by skin
AURICLE
This membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani
BASILAR MEMBRANE
A series of cavities in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
BONY LABYRINTH
A loss of transparency of the lens; Often occur with aging
CATARACT
Contains a few hairs and specialized sweat glands called __ that secrete earwax or cerumen
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
A bony spiral canal that resembles a snail's shell and makes almost three turns around a central bony core
COCHLEA
A continuation of the membranous labyrinth into the cochlea
COCHLEAR DUCT or SCALA MEDIA
A device that translates sounds into electrical signals that can be interpreted in the brain
COCHLEAR IMPLANT
Inherited inability to distinguish between certain colors
COLOR BLINDNESS
Caused by the impairment of the external and middle ear mechanisms for transmitting sounds to the cochlea
CONDUCTION DEAFNESS
The ampulla contains a small elevation called the __
CRISTA
Covering the crista is a mass of gelatinous material called
CUPULA
A significant or total hearing loss
DEAFNESS
This may occur due to trauma, eye disorder, or age-related degeneration; Detachment occurs between the neural portion of the retina and the pigmented epithelium
DETACHED RETINA
Balance
EQUILIBRIUM
This region consists of the auricle, external auditory canal, and eardrum
EXTERNAL (OUTER) EAR
Is a curved tube about 2.5 cm long that lies in the temporal bone and leads to the eardrum
EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
Persistent intraocular pressure results in progression from mild visual impairment to irreversible destruction of neurons of the retina, damage to the optic nerve, and blindness; It is painless and the other eye compensates largely
GLAUCOMA
Collectively the stereocilia and kinocilium are called
HAIR BUNDLE
Sensory receptors in the macuale
HAIR CELLS and SUPPORTING CELLS
An opening at the apex of the cochlea
HELICOTREMA
The rim of the auricle is called the
HELIX
Paralysis of the stapedius muscle is associated with __, which is abnormally sensitive hearing
HYPERACUSIA
A reduced ability to smell, affects half of those over the age 65 and 75% of those over 80%
HYPOSMIA
The middle bone of the series, articulates with the head of the last or third bone
INCUS
It is also called the labyrinth because of its complicated series of canals
INTERNAL (INNER) EAR
A refractive surgery that's also a popular alternative to wearing glasses or contact lenses; Corrects the curvature of the cornea
LASIK
The inferior portion of the auricle is the
LOBULE
Surface ectoderm thickens to form
Lens Placodes
Lens Placodes invaginate into
Lens Vesicles
Lens vesicles develop into
Lenses
Attached to the inner walls of both the utricle and the saccule is a small, thickened region
MACULA
The handle of this bone attaches to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane
MALLEUS
A series of epithelial sacs and tubes inside the bony labyrinth that have the same general form as the bony labyrinth and house the receptors for hearing and equilibrium
MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
Results from the increased amount of endolymph that enlarges the membranous labyrinth
MENIERE'S DISEASE
A small air-filled cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone that is lined by epithelium
MIDDLE EAR
A central bony core
MODIOLUS
A condition which results when there is a conflict among the senses with regards to motion
MOTION SICKNESS
The connective tissues develop from
Mesenchyme
There is a damage to the optic nerve with a corresponding loss of vision, even though intraocular pressure is normal
NORMAL-TENSION GLAUCOMA
An acute infection of the middle ear caused mainly by bacteria and associated with infections of the nose and throat
OTITIS MEDIA
Scattered among the hair cells are columnar supporting cells that probably secrete the thick, gelatinous, glycoprotein layer called the
OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE
A layer of dense calcium carbonate crystals that extends over the entire surface of the otolithic membrane
OTOLITHS
The science that deals with the ears, nose, pharynx, and the larynx and their disorders
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
May be examined by a viewing instrument that illuminates and magnifies the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
OTOSCOPE
Optic vesicles invaginate forming
Optic Cups
Eyes begin to develop about 22 days after fertilization when the ectoderm bulges out to form a pair of shallow grooves called
Optic Grooves
Optic grooves grow and become known as
Optic Vesicles
Otic placodes invaginate to form
Otic Pits
Thickening of the surface ectoderm called
Otic Placodes
Otic pits turn into
Otic Vesicles
The tearing of the tympanic membrane is called a
PERFORATED EARDRUM
The fluid, which is chemically similar to cerebrospinal fluid
PERILYMPH
Age progressive loss of hearing in both ear
PREBYCUSIS
With age, the lens loses elasticity and thus its ability to curve to focus on objects that are close; Old people cannot read print at the same close range as young people do
PRESBYOPIA
The directly below the oval window which is enclosed by a membrane called the secondary tympanic membrane
ROUND WINDOW
Detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction
SACCULE
The channel below the cochlear duct is the __, which ends at the round window
SCALA TYMPANI
The channel above the cochlear duct is the __, which ends at the oval window
SCALA VESTIBULI
Projecting superiorly and posteriorly from the vestibule are three bony__
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
Detect rotational acceleration or deceleration
SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS
Portions of the membranous labyrinth that lie inside the bony semicircular canals are call
SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS
Caused by either impairment of hair cells in the cochlea or damage of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve.
SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS
Are alternating high and low pressure regions travelling in the same direction through some medium
SOUND WAVES
Rests on the basilar membrane
SPIRAL ORGAN or ORGAN OF CORTI
This muscle is supplied by the facial (VII) nerve is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body
STAPEDIUS
The base or the footplate of this bone fits into the oval window
STAPES
At the apical tip of each hair cell are __ that extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct
STEREOCILIA
People and animals quickly learn to avoid a food if it upsets the digestive system
TASTE AVERSION
A flexible gelatinous membrane, covers the hair cells of the spiral organ
TECTORIAL MEMBRANE
This muscle is supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve, limits movement and increases tension on the eardrum to prevent damage to the inner ear from loud noises
TENSOR TYMPANIC
It is a thin, semitransparent partition between the external auditory canal and middle ear; Covered by epidermis and lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE or EARDRUM
A surgical procedure employed if otitis media occurs frequently; Insertion of a small tube into the eardrum to provide a pathway for the drainage fluid from the middle ear
TYMPANOTOMY
Detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction and also head tilt
UTRICLE
Vestibule has 2 sacs
UTRICLE and SACCULE
Receptor organs for equilibrium
VESTIBULAR APPARATUS
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the
VESTIBULAR GANGLIA
This membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli
VESTIBULAR MEMBRANE
The oval central portion of the bony labyrinth
VESTIBULE
Other name for incus
anvil
The ear is divided into three main regions
external ear, middle ear, internal ear
Other name for malleus
hammer
First portion of the ear to develop is the
internal ear
What are the three smallest bones?
malleus, incus, stapes
External ear develops from the first
pharyngeal cleft
Middle ear develops from a structure called the first
pharyngeal pouch
Other name for stapes
stirrup