Anatomical Kinesiology Ch. 9
Coxafemoral joint
"hip joint" - stable due to: bony architecture strong ligaments large supportive muscles - functions in weight baring and locomotion enhanced by its wide ROM
Glutues maximus muscle
- extension of hip - external rotation of hip - upper fibers assist in abduction - lower fibers assist in adduction - posterior pelvic rotation
Pectineus muscle
- flexion of hip - adduction of hip - external rotation of hip - anterior pelvic rotation
Rectus femoris muscle
- flexion of hip - extension of knee - anterior pelvic rotation
Iliopsoas muscle
- flexion of hip - external rotation of hip - transverse pelvic rotation - contralaterally when ipsilateral femur is stabilized - anterior pelvic rotation (psoas) - flexion of lumbar spine - lateral flexion of lumbar spine - lateral pelvic rotation contralaterally
Sartorius muscle
- flexion of hip - flexion of knee - external rotation of thigh as it flexes hip and knee - abduction of hip - anterior pelvic rotation - weak internal rotation of knee
Seminmembranosus muscle
- flexion of knee - extension of hip - internal rotation of hip - internal rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation
Semitendinosus muscle
- flexion of knee - extension of hip - internal rotation of hip - internal rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation
Bicpes femoris muscle
- flexion of knee - extension of hip - external rotation of hip - external rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation
Lumbar plexus
L1-L4 - lower abdomen and the anterior/medial portions of L.E.
Sacral plexus
L4-S4 - lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior surface of thigh/leg and dorsal/plantar surfaces of foot
___ to ____ degrees of flexion
0 ; 130
___ to ____ degrees of adduction
0 ; 30
___ to ____ degrees of extension
0 ; 30
___ to ____ degrees of abduction
0 ; 35
___ to ____ degrees of internal rotation
0 ; 45
___ to ____ degrees of external rotation
0 ; 50
Sacral plexus: Inferior gluteal nerve innervation
gluteus maximus
Hip adduction
adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis
Lumbar plexus Obturator nerve innervation
adductor muscles gracilis obturator externus sensation to medial thigh
Standing on both feet + hip flexor contraction =
anterior tilt of pelvis
Insertion of iliotibial tract of tensor fasciae latate
anterolaterally on Gerdy's tubercle of tibia
Teres ligament
attaches from deep in acetabulum to a depression in femoral head, slightly limits adduction
Anterior rotation of pelvis causes
extension of lumbar spine flexion of right hip flexion of left hip
6 deep lateral rotator muscles
external rotation of hip
Body part that moves most will be the part ____________ stabilized
least
Iliofemoral or Y ligament
located anteriorly, prevents hyperextension
Pubofemoral ligament
located anteromedially & inferiorly, limits excessive extension & abduction
Ischiofemoral ligament
located posteriorly, extends from ischium to trochanteric fossa of femur, limits internal rotation
Hip extensors
gluteus maximus bicpes femoris (long head) semitendinosus semimembranosus
Hip external rotation
gluteus maximus 6 deep external rotators
Hip abduction
gluteus medius TFL gluteus maximus gluteus minimus
Sacral plexus: Superior gluteal nerve innervation
gluteus medius/minimus tensor fasciae latae
Hip internal rotation
gluteus minimus glutues medius TFL gluteus maximus when hip is above 90 degrees
Iliac region pelvis muscles acting on hip joint
iliacus and psoas major
Patella
insertion for all quadriceps muscles
Linea aspera
insertion for hip adductors
Proximal tibia or fibula
insertion for remainder of hip muscles
Anterior proximal thigh
origin for 3 vasti muscles of quadriceps
Pubis and its inferior ramus
origin for adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis
Posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest and coccyx
origin for gluteus maximus
Posterior iliac crest
origin for gluteus medius and minimus
Ischial tuberosity
origin for hamstrings
Lateral pelvis
origin for hip abductors
Medial pelvis
origin for hip adductors
Posterior pelvis
origin for hip extensors
Posteroinferior pelvis
origin for hip extensors
Anterior pelvis
origin for hip flexors
Anterior inferior iliac spine
origin of rectus femoris
Anterior superior iliac spine
origin of sartorius
Anterior iliac crest
origin of tensor fasciae latae
Lying supine + hip flexor contraction =
pelvis remains stable while thighs move forward into flexion
6 deep external rotators
piriformis quadratus femoris superior gemellus inferior gemellus obturator internus obturator externus
Sacral plexus: Branches from sacral plexus innervation
piriformis gemellus superior gemellus inferior obturator internus quadratus femoris
Insertion of semimembranosus
posteromedially on medial tibial condyle
Hip Flexors
psoas iliacus rectus femoris pectineus sartorius TFL
Pubic joint
pubis bones connected via the pubis symphysis, amphiarthrodial
Sacroiliac joint
sacrum and the two ilium - strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints
Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve innervation
semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris adductor maguns sensation for posterolateral lower leg and plantar aspect of foot sensation to anterolateral lower leg and dorsum of foot
Gluteus minimus muscle
- abduction of hip - lateral pelvic rotation ot ipsilateral side - internal rotation as femus abducts - flexion of hip - anterior pelvic rotation
Gluteus medius muscle
- abduction of hip - lateral pelvic rotation to ipsilateral side - internal rotation, flexion and anterior pelvic rotation - external rotation, extension and posterior pelvic rotation
TFL
- abduction of hip - flexion of hip - tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes - anterior pelvic rotation
Adductor brevis muscle
- adduction of hip - external rotation as it adducts hip - assists in flexion of hip - assists in anterior pelvic rotation
Gracilis muscle
- adduction of hip - weak flexion of knee - internal rotation of hip - assists with hip flexion - weak internal rotation of knee
Adductor longus muscle
- adduction of hip - assists in flexion of hip - assists in anterior pelvic rotation
Adductor magnus muscle
- adduction of hip - external rotation as hip adducts - extension of hip
Gluteal region pelvis muscles acting on hip joint
Glutes Tensor fascia latae 6 deep external rotators
Lumbar plexus: Femoral nerve innervation
Iliopsoas quadriceps group pectineus sartorius sensation to anterior and lateral thigh and medial leg and foot
Pelvic bone
Os coxa ilium ischium pubis
Proximal thigh
insertion for short muscles of hip and origin of 3 knee extensors
Greater trochanter
insertion of gluteal muscles and most of the six deep external rotators
Lesser trochanter
insertion of iliopsoas
Insertion of biceps femoris
laterally, primarily on fibula head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle
Posterior rotation of pelvis causes
left lateral flexion right hip extension left hip extension
Right lateral pelvic rotation causes
left lateral flexion of spine abduction of right hip adduction of left hip
Right transverse rotation of pelvis causes
left lumbar rotation right hip internal rotation left hip external rotation
Left larteral pelvic rotation causes
right lateral flexion of spine adduction of right hip abduction of left hip
Left transverse rotation of pelvis causes
right lumbar rotation right hip external rotation left hip internal rotation
