Anatomical Kinesiology Ch. 9

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Coxafemoral joint

"hip joint" - stable due to: bony architecture strong ligaments large supportive muscles - functions in weight baring and locomotion enhanced by its wide ROM

Glutues maximus muscle

- extension of hip - external rotation of hip - upper fibers assist in abduction - lower fibers assist in adduction - posterior pelvic rotation

Pectineus muscle

- flexion of hip - adduction of hip - external rotation of hip - anterior pelvic rotation

Rectus femoris muscle

- flexion of hip - extension of knee - anterior pelvic rotation

Iliopsoas muscle

- flexion of hip - external rotation of hip - transverse pelvic rotation - contralaterally when ipsilateral femur is stabilized - anterior pelvic rotation (psoas) - flexion of lumbar spine - lateral flexion of lumbar spine - lateral pelvic rotation contralaterally

Sartorius muscle

- flexion of hip - flexion of knee - external rotation of thigh as it flexes hip and knee - abduction of hip - anterior pelvic rotation - weak internal rotation of knee

Seminmembranosus muscle

- flexion of knee - extension of hip - internal rotation of hip - internal rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation

Semitendinosus muscle

- flexion of knee - extension of hip - internal rotation of hip - internal rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation

Bicpes femoris muscle

- flexion of knee - extension of hip - external rotation of hip - external rotation of flexed knee - posterior pelvic rotation

Lumbar plexus

L1-L4 - lower abdomen and the anterior/medial portions of L.E.

Sacral plexus

L4-S4 - lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior surface of thigh/leg and dorsal/plantar surfaces of foot

___ to ____ degrees of flexion

0 ; 130

___ to ____ degrees of adduction

0 ; 30

___ to ____ degrees of extension

0 ; 30

___ to ____ degrees of abduction

0 ; 35

___ to ____ degrees of internal rotation

0 ; 45

___ to ____ degrees of external rotation

0 ; 50

Sacral plexus: Inferior gluteal nerve innervation

gluteus maximus

Hip adduction

adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis

Lumbar plexus Obturator nerve innervation

adductor muscles gracilis obturator externus sensation to medial thigh

Standing on both feet + hip flexor contraction =

anterior tilt of pelvis

Insertion of iliotibial tract of tensor fasciae latate

anterolaterally on Gerdy's tubercle of tibia

Teres ligament

attaches from deep in acetabulum to a depression in femoral head, slightly limits adduction

Anterior rotation of pelvis causes

extension of lumbar spine flexion of right hip flexion of left hip

6 deep lateral rotator muscles

external rotation of hip

Body part that moves most will be the part ____________ stabilized

least

Iliofemoral or Y ligament

located anteriorly, prevents hyperextension

Pubofemoral ligament

located anteromedially & inferiorly, limits excessive extension & abduction

Ischiofemoral ligament

located posteriorly, extends from ischium to trochanteric fossa of femur, limits internal rotation

Hip extensors

gluteus maximus bicpes femoris (long head) semitendinosus semimembranosus

Hip external rotation

gluteus maximus 6 deep external rotators

Hip abduction

gluteus medius TFL gluteus maximus gluteus minimus

Sacral plexus: Superior gluteal nerve innervation

gluteus medius/minimus tensor fasciae latae

Hip internal rotation

gluteus minimus glutues medius TFL gluteus maximus when hip is above 90 degrees

Iliac region pelvis muscles acting on hip joint

iliacus and psoas major

Patella

insertion for all quadriceps muscles

Linea aspera

insertion for hip adductors

Proximal tibia or fibula

insertion for remainder of hip muscles

Anterior proximal thigh

origin for 3 vasti muscles of quadriceps

Pubis and its inferior ramus

origin for adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis

Posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest and coccyx

origin for gluteus maximus

Posterior iliac crest

origin for gluteus medius and minimus

Ischial tuberosity

origin for hamstrings

Lateral pelvis

origin for hip abductors

Medial pelvis

origin for hip adductors

Posterior pelvis

origin for hip extensors

Posteroinferior pelvis

origin for hip extensors

Anterior pelvis

origin for hip flexors

Anterior inferior iliac spine

origin of rectus femoris

Anterior superior iliac spine

origin of sartorius

Anterior iliac crest

origin of tensor fasciae latae

Lying supine + hip flexor contraction =

pelvis remains stable while thighs move forward into flexion

6 deep external rotators

piriformis quadratus femoris superior gemellus inferior gemellus obturator internus obturator externus

Sacral plexus: Branches from sacral plexus innervation

piriformis gemellus superior gemellus inferior obturator internus quadratus femoris

Insertion of semimembranosus

posteromedially on medial tibial condyle

Hip Flexors

psoas iliacus rectus femoris pectineus sartorius TFL

Pubic joint

pubis bones connected via the pubis symphysis, amphiarthrodial

Sacroiliac joint

sacrum and the two ilium - strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints

Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve innervation

semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris adductor maguns sensation for posterolateral lower leg and plantar aspect of foot sensation to anterolateral lower leg and dorsum of foot

Gluteus minimus muscle

- abduction of hip - lateral pelvic rotation ot ipsilateral side - internal rotation as femus abducts - flexion of hip - anterior pelvic rotation

Gluteus medius muscle

- abduction of hip - lateral pelvic rotation to ipsilateral side - internal rotation, flexion and anterior pelvic rotation - external rotation, extension and posterior pelvic rotation

TFL

- abduction of hip - flexion of hip - tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes - anterior pelvic rotation

Adductor brevis muscle

- adduction of hip - external rotation as it adducts hip - assists in flexion of hip - assists in anterior pelvic rotation

Gracilis muscle

- adduction of hip - weak flexion of knee - internal rotation of hip - assists with hip flexion - weak internal rotation of knee

Adductor longus muscle

- adduction of hip - assists in flexion of hip - assists in anterior pelvic rotation

Adductor magnus muscle

- adduction of hip - external rotation as hip adducts - extension of hip

Gluteal region pelvis muscles acting on hip joint

Glutes Tensor fascia latae 6 deep external rotators

Lumbar plexus: Femoral nerve innervation

Iliopsoas quadriceps group pectineus sartorius sensation to anterior and lateral thigh and medial leg and foot

Pelvic bone

Os coxa ilium ischium pubis

Proximal thigh

insertion for short muscles of hip and origin of 3 knee extensors

Greater trochanter

insertion of gluteal muscles and most of the six deep external rotators

Lesser trochanter

insertion of iliopsoas

Insertion of biceps femoris

laterally, primarily on fibula head with some fibers attaching on lateral tibial condyle

Posterior rotation of pelvis causes

left lateral flexion right hip extension left hip extension

Right lateral pelvic rotation causes

left lateral flexion of spine abduction of right hip adduction of left hip

Right transverse rotation of pelvis causes

left lumbar rotation right hip internal rotation left hip external rotation

Left larteral pelvic rotation causes

right lateral flexion of spine adduction of right hip abduction of left hip

Left transverse rotation of pelvis causes

right lumbar rotation right hip external rotation left hip internal rotation


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