Anatomy 5 - Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula & Foot
The head & neck are at an average angle of what *degree* to the body of the Femur in an adult skeleton?
*126* [range 115-140 depending on age/sex]
What is the elevation located superior to the surface of Medial Epicondyle?
*Adductor Tubercle* [Attachment point for Adductor Magnus]
What are the landmarks of the Tibia's body?
*Anterior Border* Tibial Tuberosity *Interosseous (lateral) Border* Soleal Line
The Superior part of the Fibula contains what?
*Head* Apex @ top & articulates w/ prox. posterolateral Tibia. Attachment for Bicep Femoris & Fibularis Longus *Neck* Distal to Head
What is the function of the Patella?
*Increase leverage of the tendon of the Quadriceps muscle* Maintain the position of the tendon when the knee is flexed
The Inferior part of the Fibula contains what?
*Lateral Malleolus AKA Lateral Ankle* 1-2 cm +distal compared to Medial Malleolus *Articular facet of Lateral Malleolus* Articulation b/w Fibula & Talus *Fibular Malleolar Groove* Small vertical groove on posterior surface of Lateral Malleolus
What are the superior landmarks of the tibia?
*Medial & lateral condyles* Intercondylar Eminence *Lateral Tubercle (Gerdy's)*
What is the inferior (distal) end of the Tibia contain?
*Medial Malleolus* Medial Malleolar groove *Fibular notch*
What are the 3 cuneiforms?
*Medial* longest *Intermediate* smallest *Lateral* articulates w/cuboid
The Patella is what type of bone?
*Sesamoid* [small & triangular]
What is formed by the calcaneus & talus on the lateral aspect of the foot?
*Sinus Tarsi* Anterior talofibular ligament lies here and usually sprained during ankle inversion injury
What is the bony landmark of the Calcaneous that supports the Talus?
*Sustentaculum Tali* Superior border of the medial surface of the Calcaneus
The superior end of the Femur contains which parts?
1 Head 1 Neck 2 Trochanters
How would you find the Sustentaculum Tali?
1 inch distal from medial malleolus
How would you find the Fibular Tubercle?
1 inch inferior lateral malleolus
What part of the Fibula helps to hold the Talus in place?
Lateral Malleolus
The Femur's length accounts for approx how much of a person's heigh?
1/4
At what age do arches typically develop?
12-13
How many Phalanges?
14
How many arches in the foot?
2
The 1st digit has how many phalanges?
2
How many bones in the foot?
26
In exception of the 1st digit, how many phalanges do digits have?
3
How many Metatarsals?
5
How many Tarsals?
7
What is the most common sprain during ankle inversion?
Anterior Talofibular ligament @ Sinus Tarsi
What are the main parts of the Talus?
Body Neck Head Trochlea (superior surface)
Which is the largest & strongest bone in the foot?
Calcaneus
The tibia articulates superiority with the...and distally with the...
Condyles of Femur Talus
What is the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsals?
Cuboid
The inferior aspect of the Femur contains what parts?
Femoral Condyles Intercondylar Fossa Trochlear Groove Medial & Later Epicondyle Adductor Tubercle
What is the most inferior part of the Femur & articulate with the condules of the Tibia?
Femoral Condyles (knuckles)
What is known as the longest/largest, strongest & heaviest bone in the body?
Femur
The posterior groove of the Talus is a passage way for what Tendon?
Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle
What are the 5 metatarsal bones?
From medial to lateral *1st is shorter* *2nd is longest* *5th has large tuberosity over cuboid* Each has base (proximally), a body & a head (distally)
What is also known as the lateral tubercle?
Gerdys tubercle
What is the attachment point for the IT band located @ anterior aspect of lateral condyle?
Gerdys tubercle (lateral tubercle)
The superior end of the lateral lip of the Linea Aspera blends with what aspect of the Femur? This is where Glute Max inserts on the Femur.
Gluteal Tuberosity
What is the large projection on the lateral side of the femur @ the junction of the neck & shaft/body?
Greater Trochanter [GT]
What is located anterior to the tuberosity of cuboid and houses the tendon of fibularis longus?
Groove on cuboid
The superior end of the Fermur contains what parts?
Head Neck Trochanters (x2)
What is the space that separates the medial & lateral condyles located on the posterior/inferior part of the Femur?
Intercondylar Fossa
What divides the medial & lateral condyles?
Intercondylar eminence
What does the intercondylar eminence articulate with?
Intercondylar fossa of the Femur
What connects the Tibia & Fibula together by a specialied membrane?
Interosseous (lateral) Border
What is the smooth ridge that joins the Trochanters posteriorly?
Intertrochanteric Crest
What is the roughened ridge running from the GT to the LT? Site where neck joins body of the femur.
Intertrochanteric Line
What is the flat surface on the superior area of the lateral condyle?
Lateral tibial plateau
What is the smaller projection on the posterior medial surface of the femur?
Lesser Trochanter [LT] *attachment for Iliopsoas*
What is a broad vertical line that runs down the posterior aspect of the Femur and contains a medial & lateral lip?
Linea Aspera
The body of the Femur contains what parts?
Linea Aspera Gluteal Tuberosity Spinal Line Pectineal Line Supracondylar Lines
What are the name of the arches of the foot?
Medial & Lateral Transverse
The Patella articulates with which part of the Femur?
Medial & Lateral Condyles
What are the central projections on the surface of the medial & lateral condyles?
Medial & Lateral Epicondyle
The Intercondylar eminence is formed by what?
Medial & Lateral Intercondylar tubercles
Inferiorly the medial & lateral lips of the Linea Aspera divide into which lines?
Medial & Lateral Supracondylar Lines
What contains a lateral facet that articulates with the surface of the Talus and is also an attachment for the deltoid ligament?
Medial Malleolus
What is another name for the Medial malleolus?
Medial ankle
What is the flat surface on the superior area of the medial condyle?
Medial tibial plateau
What is the boat shaped bone located between the talus head and the 3 cuneiforms?
Navicular
The distal row of Tarsals contain which bones?
Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms (med-int-lat)
The 3 cuneiforms articulate with what bones?
Navicular posteriorly Metatarsals anteriorly
What part of the femur tends to break easily in elders?
Neck
What is the Fibular Tubercle?
Oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the Calcaneus
The Trochlear Groove is also known as what?
Palleral Surface of the Femur
What does the distal end of the Femur articulate with?
Patella & Tibia of the leg
What is the intermediate ridge that extends from the central part of Linea Aspera to the base of Lesser Trochanter?
Pectineal Line
What attachment is found at the proximal medial shaft of the tibia?
Pes anserinus tendon attachment
Where is the Fibula in relation to the Tibia?
Posterolateral
What is the Calcaneus Tuberosity?
Prominence on posterior part - the part you can grab (med-lat-ant tubercles)
What are the 3 main parts of the Tibia?
Proximal end Body Inferior end
The Patella is developped in what tendon?
Quadriceps tendon
What is the oblique line on the posterior proximal Tibia which serves as attachment for soleus muscle?
Soleal line
The superior end of the medial lip of the Linea Aspera continues as what line?
Spiral Line
The Fibula contains what 3 main parts?
Superior end (proximal) Body Inferior end (Distal)
What are the 3 parts of the Femur?
Superior end [contains base] Body Inferior end
What is the only bone of the foot without an attachment?
Talus
The proximal row of Tarsals contain which bones?
Talus Calcaneous
What is the only tarsal bone that articulates with the leg?
Talus - It also articulates w/Navicular, Calcaneus & Fibula
What is found at the Pes Anserinus attachment site?
Tendons of: Sartorius, Gracilis & Semiteninosus
The inferior end of the Patella is called...
The Apex
The broad superior end of the Patella is called...
The Base
What is the 2nd largest and weight bearing bone in the body?
Tibia
What is about 5 cm distal to the apex of the patella and is the insertion for the patella ligament and the quads?
Tibial Tuberosity
Where does the Patella ligament attach the Patella?
Tibial Tuberosity
What is a groove/depression between the Neck & Greater Trochanter?
Trochanteric Fossa
Where does the Patella sit when the knee is extended?
Trochelear Groove
What is a shallow depression that merges the condyles anteriorly?
Trochlear Groove
What is the proximal prominence on the lateral part of the cuboid?
Tuberosity of cuboid