Anatomy and Anthropology Quiz

Bones are made up of 4 layers. Arrange the layers of bone in the correct order.

1st Layer - Periosteum 2nd Layer - Compact Bone 3rd Layer - Cancellous 4th Layer - Bone Marrow

How many bones are present in a adult human skeleton? ONLY TYPE THE NUMBER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED

206

Using the figures below showing the relationship between age and skull sutures, determine the approximate age of a skull with the following features: 4. Lambdoidal suture open. Sagittal and coronal sutures open.

21-30

Using the figures below showing the relationship between age and skull sutures, determine the approximate age of a skull with the following features: 2. Lambdoidal sutures almost fused. Sagittal and coronal sutures not fused

21-30 but closer to 30

Babies can have up to how many bones in their skeletal system? ONLY TYPE THE NUMBER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED

300

Using the figures on the Reference Chart showing the relationship between age and skull sutures, determine the approximate age of a skull with the following features: 1. Lambdoidal and sagittal sutures fused. Coronal sutures not fused.

32-48

Using the figures below showing the relationship between age and skull sutures, determine the approximate age of a skull with the following features: 3. All sutures fused.

48 or older

How many different types of joints are found in the human skeletal system? ONLY TYPE THE NUMBER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED

6

In example 1 under 'How can height be estimated from skeletal remains', the femur belongs to a --A-- that is approximately --B-- tall.

A - Male B - 5ft 9in

In January, an elevator shaft in an abandoned Detroit warehouse was host to a gruesome discovery: A body encased in ice with its legs exposed. The body was sent to the local lab and this is what was determined: - The occipital protuberance is very prominent, the sacrum is curved inward, and the pelvic cavity is heart-shaped with the subpubic of 78 degrees. - Lambdoidal suture open; Sagittal and coronal sutures open - Square shaped eye orbitals; wide nasal cavity and smooth incisors

A 19 year old African American male college student who disappeared from his frat house in 2019

When guests at the Cecil Hotel in Downtown Los Angeles, California complained of low pressure and a strange taste in the water, they couldn't have imagined the grisly source of the problem. Maintenance workers found the rooftop water tank clogged by skeletal remains: - Square eye orbitals and a wide nasal cavity, smooth incisors and a forehead projected outward - Wide circular pelvis, and an obtuse mandible - Lambdoidal sutures open

A 20 year old African American female

A mailman in Pennsylvania was on his route when he found a strange package at the bottom of a mailbox. At first, the package, which had no address or stamps, was thought to be a bomb so authorities were brought in to investigate. After the bomb sniffing dogs gave the okay, they found a metal box, that when opened, contained 2 bones from a human skeleton, a skull and a femur: - Circular eye orbitals and small rounded nasal cavity - High, vaulted forehead, diminished mastoid process and narrow, angled inward femur - Lambdoidal sutures closing, but sagittal suture still open

A 25 year old Japanese female

4 boys were riding their bikes in a wooded area about a mile from their houses, when they found a barrel. Being the curious boys they are, they kicked the barrel over, and bones spilled out. They rushed home, told their parents and the police were contacted. The bones were taken to the local lab and this is what was determined: - The pelvis is narrow, there is a prominent protuberance on occipital bone, and a sloping frontal bone. - Lambdoidal sutures almost fused; Sagittal and coronal sutures not fused - Square eye orbitals; wide nasal cavity

A 28 African American male who went missing from his job as a UPS driver in 2015

Security were shocked at what they discovered at New York's Spotlight live club after Li'l Kim's birthday party. A body was found dead in a rooftop utility closet. After being examined, this is what could be determined about the body: - Oval eye sockets, long narrow nasal cavity, smooth incisors with a flat frontal plane - Low, sloped forehead and a narrow noncircular pelvic opening - Lambdoidal and sagittal sutures fused, but coronal sutures not fused

A 35 year old Caucasian male

Two hikers were hiking at Eagle Mountain State Park with their dog. As they got closer to the river, the dog ran close to the water and came back with a unique looking object. When the hikers got closer to the dog, they realized the bone resembled a pelvic bone. They called the authorities, who sent the bones into the lab to be analyzed. This is what was determined: - Remains exhibit round eye orbits, a subpubic angle of 103 degrees, an oval pelvic cavity, and a smooth and slender skull. - Lambdoidal and sagittal sutures fused; Coronal sutures not fused. - Shovel-shaped incisors; zygomatic arch (cheek bone) is angled forward; circular eye orbits

A 42 year old female of Vietnamese descent, who has been missing since 2017, during a custody battle with her husband.

Body parts of a murdered person showed up in two separate sewage plants in Los Angeles. First, workers who were checking a plugged line at the plant in Bassett discovered the head and upper half of a body, and just 2 day later, the lower portion of the body was found at another plant in Carson: - Oval eye sockets with a flat frontal plane - Mandible approximately 90 and an acute subpubic angle - Coronal sutures closed but squamosal suture open

A 51 year old Caucasian male

A body, who officials suspect might have been trying to break into a convenience store in North Carolina, was discovered in the building's air conditioning system. The corpse had already decomposed as the store had been closed for months so the body had been stuck in the duct for quite some time: - Circular eye orbitals, small rounded nasal cavity with shoveled incisors - Large cranium with a robust overall skeleton - Squamosal suture closed

A 67 yo Malaysian male

Things got scarily realistic during a filming of CSI: New York. Inside the building where production was underway, a building engineer found a mummified corpse. Officials were called and this is what was determined: - Short sacrum that curves outward. - All sutures fused. - Oval eye orbitals; long narrow nasal cavity, flat frontal plane; no protuberance on the occipital bone is evidence, the underside of lower jaw (mandible) is triangular, and the brow ridges are narrow.

A 72 year old Caucasian female, who was last seen leaving BINGO in 2018

A human pelvis is --A-- while the pelvis of non-humans is --B-- .

A- Broad and shallow B- Long and narrow

Label the parts of the long bone - Humerus A--A-- B--B-- C--C--

A- Epiphysis B- Diaphysis C- Metaphysis

Long bones typically have three parts. Match the following definitions to the correct parts of the long bones. the end part that grows separately from the shaft and is covered in cartilage --A-- the long shaft of the bone that contains the bone marrow --B-- the part of the bone between the epiphysis and the long shaft of the bone also known as the growth plate (since that is where the majority of growth happens during childhood) --C--

A- Epiphysis B- Diaphysis C- Metaphysis

Joints contain three types of connective tissues. Match the following definitions to the correct type of connective tissue. Attach bone to bone to prevent joints from moving the wrong way and sliding out of place --A-- Connect one to a muscle to allow movement --B-- Softer flexible tissue that wraps the ends of bones to provide cushioning --C--

A- Ligaments B- Tendons C- Cartilage

The picture below shows two different sections of vertebrae. One section is from a human and the other is from a non-human. Correctly identify which is which. --A-- (no writing on the bone) --B-- (writing on the bone)

A- Non-human vertebrae B- Human vertebrae

The tibia and fibula are --A-- in humans while the tibia and fibula are often --B-- fused in non-humans.

A- Separate B- Fused

Humans only use --A-- legs for walking which makes them --B-- whereas most non-humans are -- C-- and use --D-- legs for walking.

A- Two B- bipedal C- quadrupedal D- Four

According to the information below, what is the age of a skull that has the following features? Lambdoidal suture nearly closed Large brow ridge Robust skull Nasal opening round in shape, mandible projecting beyond face (prognathism), no nasal spine Large mastoid bone Front teeth missing with bone healed over tooth socket Nasal index 0.58

Almost 30 years old

Which statement correctly identifies a key difference between human and animal bones?

Animal bones are less porous than human bones.

Which layer of bone is like a very thick jelly and is responsible for making the blood cells.

Bone Marrow

Which layer of bone looks spongy but is still very strong and is responsible for protecting the bone marrow?

Cancellous

In what measurement does the femur get measured?

Centimeters

The cranium of a non-human exhibits which characteristics? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Chin Absent Significant nasal and midface projection "V" Shaped Mandible Orbits and sides

The cranium of a human exhibits which characteristics? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Chin Present Minimal nasal and midface projection "U" Shaped Mandible Orbits in front

Which suture on a skull fully fuses well around 50 years of age?

Coronal Suture

What is one of the key elements of forensic anthropology?

Examining bones in a legal setting

All height calculations are only estimates because of variables other than bone length that an affect an individual's height. Check all the reasons below that could be responsible for having an effect on an individual's height.

Exposure to drugs or toxins Nutrition Diseases Genetics

What is the longest bone in the human body?

Femur

A practice that specializes in the changes and variation in the human skeleton for the purpose of legal inquiry is known as...

Forensic Anthropology

The pelvis pictured below most likely belongs to the skeletal structure of a human or non-human?

Human

___________________ is a part of the body where two bones meet and are classified by the type of movement that they allow.

Joints

Would you expect to find a subpubic angle larger or smaller than 90 degrees if the skull had a rounded frontal bone with small brow ridges and a small mastoid bone (bone located behind the ear)?

Larger

Using the Internet, your textbook, notes, and other references, compare and contrast an infant's or child's skull to an adult skull. 6. Ratio of Skull to Face Size

Newborn head has a face to skull ratio of approximately 1:8 Adult head has a face to skull ratio of approximately 1:2

Using the Internet, your textbook, notes, and other references, compare and contrast an infant's or child's skull to an adult skull. 7. Ratio of Skull to Body Size

Newborn head is a larger proportion of the body

The pelvis pictured below most likely belongs to the skeletal structure of a human or non-human?

Non-human

Which layer of bone is the outer layer, is thin and dense, and contains the blood vessels and nerves?

Periosteum

What function do bones play in the human skeletal system? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

Protects soft tissues and organs Produces blood cells Provides rigidity and structure Serves as an attachment for muscles

Using the 'Summary of Skeletal Closures by Age' Table, identify what areas would be fully fused by the age of 24 years of age.

Sacrum bones Sternum fused to clavicle Sagittal Suture Femur head fused to shaft bones Coronal suture Wrist bones Lambdoidal Suture Clavicle

The primary difference between human and animal bones is _______________.

Size

The easiest identification of human versus animal bones happens when....

The entire skeletal system is intact

Which of the following describes a purpose of bones?

They protect our organs To provide the framework for our bodies They anchor our muscles to allow movement ANSWER - ALL OF THE ABOVE!!!

Animals typically have larger arms than humans due to the fact that they are quadrupedal and bear weight on their arms.

True

Epiphyseal Plates (aka growth plates) fuse at different rates and can aid anthropologists in determining age at the time of death.

True

Formulas for height change depending on age, race and gender

True

Most of your bones are located in your hands and feet.

True

The skeletal remains of bear and raccoon paws can cause some confusion due to their similar features that they share with adult and children hands.

True

Refer to the figure below to help you estimate age of remains using the following characteristics: femur head fused to shaft clavicle and sternum closed lambdoidal suture closed coronal suture closed

at least 50 years old

A forensic anthropologist noted that a set of skeletal remains exhibited the following characteristics: wide sub-pubic angle a sacrum that was curved outward no visible growth plates very porous bones

female over the age of 30 with osteoporosis

What bones are used to measure height?

femur radius humerus ANSWER - ALL OF THE ABOVE!!!

Which 2 bones are used to determine height?

humerus cranium femur vertebrae clavicle

Using the Internet, your textbook, notes, and other references, compare and contrast an infant's or child's skull to an adult skull. 5. Composition of the Skull

newborn head is mainly cartilage and soft, no sutures closed yet