Anatomy and physiology 1 ch 9-11 test.
Which of the following is an effect of aging on articulations? A) decreased synovial fluid production B) decreased flexibility of ligaments C) increased length of ligaments D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct.
A and B are correct
Which of the following is true of a hip replacement?
A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur.
Which of the following is true of a hip replacement? A) Components used in the prosthesis usually provoke strong immune responses. B) A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur. C) None of the possible side effects of the procedure are potentially life-threatening. D) The head of the femur is usually recycled for another patient. E) The acetabular replacement is usually made of metal alloys.
A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur.
Which of the following influence the effects of aging on articulations? a) genetics b) wear and tear c) activity level e) A and B are correct. f) A, B and C are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Which part of the sarcomere stays the same size during contraction?
A-band
Which of the following is a compound that supplies the energy for muscle contraction?
ATP
Which of the following terms describes an inflammation of the fluid filled sac of the synovial membrane?
Bursasitis
Which action increases the angle of a joint?
Extension
True or False: Symphyses are the most movable joints in the body?
False
True or False: The largest and most frequently injured joint is the ankle.
False
True or False: The female facial area is more pronounced than that of the male.
False
Which joint is the largest and most frequently injured?
Knee
Which of the following terms describes an autoimmmune disease of the joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the name of the muscle cytoplasm?
Sarcoplasm
Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein?
Troponin
True or False: the knee joint is an example of a hinge joint.
True
A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called
a motor unit.
A movement away from the midline of the body is called what?
abduction
Which action moves the bone away from midline?
abduction
What is the motion that moves a body part away from the medial plane of the body?
abduction.
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes...
acetylcholine to break down
A movement towards the midline of the body is called what?
adduction.
What is the motion that moves a body part towards the medial plane of the body?
adduction.
The acromioclavicular joint
allows gliding and some rotation.
What is the purpose of anearobic respiration?
allows the body to avoid the use of oxygen for a short time.
The __________________________ is responsible for the striations of striated muscle.
alternating of A bands and I bands
A slightly movable joint is a(n) A) diarthrosis. B) synarthrosis C) syndesmosis. D) symphysis. E) amphiarthrosis.
amphiarthrosis.
The cause of the inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, is...
an autoimmune reaction
All synovial joints
are diarthroses.
What is the the term to describe an decrease in muscle size?
atrophy
Which condition or disorder can be described as an inflammation of the bursa?
bursitis
A contraction cycle... A) cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to troponin. B) cannot begin until the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. C) cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to tropomyosin. D) A and B are correct. E) B and C are correct.
cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to troponin; cannot begin until the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed.
Arthritis
causes joints to swell, stiffen and become painful.
What is the type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back?
circumduction.
When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called
complete tetanus
What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?
conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy.
A 16 year-old is so surprised by the new Lexus she is given for her birthday that her jaw hangs open. In scientific terms, her mandible is
depressed.
Which type of joint is the joint at the base of the thumb?
diarthroses
Another term for a freely movable joint is...
diarthrosis
Which condition or disorder can be described as an injury that results in articular surfaces of the bones that form the joint no longer being in proper contact?
dislocation
What is the movement that occus by tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front leg?
dorsiflexion.
What type of movement is being performed when a person is lifting a stone with the tip of their foot?
dorsiflexion.
What is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle?
epimysium
Which action increases the angle of a joint?
extension
Which type of movement increases the angle between body parts?
extension
Which type of movement increases the angle between body parts?
extension.
Which action decreases the angle of a joint?
flexion
Which of the following terms describes abnormal deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint cartilage?
gout
Which condition or disorder can be described as a metabolic disorder in which excess blood levels of uric acid crystals are deposited in the synovial fluid of joints?
gouty arthritis
Mensici
help bones fit together more closely.
The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
hinge
The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
hinge
A ball-and-socket joint of the lower extremity is the...
hip joint
Which of the following are most commonly repaired via arthroplasty?
hips and knees
A person tilting her head back so that she can up at the stars ____ her head on her neck.
hyperextends
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension
What is the the term to describe an increase in muscle size?
hypertrophy
What is the the ability of a muscle cell to be stimulated or excited?
irritability
Osteoarthritis
is a progressive disorder of synovial joints.
Rheumatism
is any painful condition of the supporting structures of the body.
A synchondrosis
is composed of hyaline cartilage, is found in the epiphyseal plate, ultimately becomes a synostosis.
Arthroplasty
is the surgical replacement of diseased or damaged joints; replaces the patient's joints with metal, ceramic and/or plastic components; is used to relieve pain; is used to restore function of a joint.
A sprain referes to damage to which anatomical feature?
liagemnt
Which synovial joint structure can be described as pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones?
menisci
Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?
moving the hand toward the shoulder
In an isotonic contraction,
muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load.
In which of the following would the motor units have the fewest muscle fibers?
muscles that control the eyes
To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
opposition.
Which condition or disorder is also known as degenerative joint disease; the most common noninflammatory disorder of joints?
osteoarthritis
Which condition or disorder can be described as an aggregation of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, and fibroblasts that adheres to the articular cartilage?
pannus
What is the name of the motion described by pointing the toes (as in preshing the pedal while driving a car, or as in performing calf raises)?
plantar flexion.
What is the name of the motion described by pointing the toes (as in pressing the pedal while driving a car, or as in performing calf raises)?
plantar flexion.
Which action turns the palm posteriorly?
pronation
What describes the motion of moving a part of the body forward?
protraction
Rheumatoid arthritis
results in abnormal ossification which can fuse joints.
Movement of a protracted part backward on a plane parallel to the ground is called...
retraction
Which condition or disorder can be described as a form of systemic autoimmune disease that involves chronic inflammation of many different tissues and organs of the body?
rheumatoid arthritis
The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
saddle
What is the name given to the plasma membrane of a muscle cell?
sarcolemma
Fluid-filled sacs that help cushion certain joints are the...
spreading the fingers
Which action turns the palm anteriorly?
supination
An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis.
The inner lining of the synovial cavity is called the...
synovial membrane
Which of these is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure? A) fat pads B) menisci C) ligaments D) bursae E) synovial membrane
synovial membrane
At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a
tendon
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)
tendon
The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is
the ability to produce large amounts of the muscle proteins needed for muscle contraction.
Which of the following is greater? A) the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle B) the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle
the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle
What is the purpose of the Creatine phosphate cycle?
to act as an energy reserve in muscle tissue.
Which of the following is a protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape and pull another protein away from the receptor sites on the actin?
troponin
True False: The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the femur.
true
True or False: A hunchback appearance of the thoracic region is probably caused by kyphosis.
true
True or False: In terms of structure, synovial joints have a joint capsule.
true
Which of the following movements is a good example of pronation?
turning the hand palm downward
What type of contraction of a single muscle following a single impulse ?
twitch contraction
Which of the following best describes the term Z line?
where thin filaments are anchored