Anatomy and physiology 1 ch 9-11 test.

Which of the following is an effect of aging on articulations? A) decreased synovial fluid production B) decreased flexibility of ligaments C) increased length of ligaments D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct.

A and B are correct

Which of the following is true of a hip replacement?

A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur.

Which of the following is true of a hip replacement? A) Components used in the prosthesis usually provoke strong immune responses. B) A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur. C) None of the possible side effects of the procedure are potentially life-threatening. D) The head of the femur is usually recycled for another patient. E) The acetabular replacement is usually made of metal alloys.

A partial hip replacement replaces only the femur.

Which of the following influence the effects of aging on articulations? a) genetics b) wear and tear c) activity level e) A and B are correct. f) A, B and C are correct.

A, B and C are correct.

Which part of the sarcomere stays the same size during contraction?

A-band

Which of the following is a compound that supplies the energy for muscle contraction?

ATP

Which of the following terms describes an inflammation of the fluid filled sac of the synovial membrane?

Bursasitis

Which action increases the angle of a joint?

Extension

True or False: Symphyses are the most movable joints in the body?

False

True or False: The largest and most frequently injured joint is the ankle.

False

True or False: The female facial area is more pronounced than that of the male.

False

Which joint is the largest and most frequently injured?

Knee

Which of the following terms describes an autoimmmune disease of the joints?

Rheumatoid arthritis

What is the name of the muscle cytoplasm?

Sarcoplasm

Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein?

Troponin

True or False: the knee joint is an example of a hinge joint.

True

A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called

a motor unit.

A movement away from the midline of the body is called what?

abduction

Which action moves the bone away from midline?

abduction

What is the motion that moves a body part away from the medial plane of the body?

abduction.

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes...

acetylcholine to break down

A movement towards the midline of the body is called what?

adduction.

What is the motion that moves a body part towards the medial plane of the body?

adduction.

The acromioclavicular joint

allows gliding and some rotation.

What is the purpose of anearobic respiration?

allows the body to avoid the use of oxygen for a short time.

The __________________________ is responsible for the striations of striated muscle.

alternating of A bands and I bands

A slightly movable joint is a(n) A) diarthrosis. B) synarthrosis C) syndesmosis. D) symphysis. E) amphiarthrosis.

amphiarthrosis.

The cause of the inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, is...

an autoimmune reaction

All synovial joints

are diarthroses.

What is the the term to describe an decrease in muscle size?

atrophy

Which condition or disorder can be described as an inflammation of the bursa?

bursitis

A contraction cycle... A) cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to troponin. B) cannot begin until the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. C) cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to tropomyosin. D) A and B are correct. E) B and C are correct.

cannot begin until Ca2+ has bound to troponin; cannot begin until the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed.

Arthritis

causes joints to swell, stiffen and become painful.

What is the type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back?

circumduction.

When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This is called

complete tetanus

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy.

A 16 year-old is so surprised by the new Lexus she is given for her birthday that her jaw hangs open. In scientific terms, her mandible is

depressed.

Which type of joint is the joint at the base of the thumb?

diarthroses

Another term for a freely movable joint is...

diarthrosis

Which condition or disorder can be described as an injury that results in articular surfaces of the bones that form the joint no longer being in proper contact?

dislocation

What is the movement that occus by tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front leg?

dorsiflexion.

What type of movement is being performed when a person is lifting a stone with the tip of their foot?

dorsiflexion.

What is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle?

epimysium

Which action increases the angle of a joint?

extension

Which type of movement increases the angle between body parts?

extension

Which type of movement increases the angle between body parts?

extension.

Which action decreases the angle of a joint?

flexion

Which of the following terms describes abnormal deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint cartilage?

gout

Which condition or disorder can be described as a metabolic disorder in which excess blood levels of uric acid crystals are deposited in the synovial fluid of joints?

gouty arthritis

Mensici

help bones fit together more closely.

The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

hinge

A ball-and-socket joint of the lower extremity is the...

hip joint

Which of the following are most commonly repaired via arthroplasty?

hips and knees

A person tilting her head back so that she can up at the stars ____ her head on her neck.

hyperextends

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension

What is the the term to describe an increase in muscle size?

hypertrophy

What is the the ability of a muscle cell to be stimulated or excited?

irritability

Osteoarthritis

is a progressive disorder of synovial joints.

Rheumatism

is any painful condition of the supporting structures of the body.

A synchondrosis

is composed of hyaline cartilage, is found in the epiphyseal plate, ultimately becomes a synostosis.

Arthroplasty

is the surgical replacement of diseased or damaged joints; replaces the patient's joints with metal, ceramic and/or plastic components; is used to relieve pain; is used to restore function of a joint.

A sprain referes to damage to which anatomical feature?

liagemnt

Which synovial joint structure can be described as pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones?

menisci

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

moving the hand toward the shoulder

In an isotonic contraction,

muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load.

In which of the following would the motor units have the fewest muscle fibers?

muscles that control the eyes

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

opposition.

Which condition or disorder is also known as degenerative joint disease; the most common noninflammatory disorder of joints?

osteoarthritis

Which condition or disorder can be described as an aggregation of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, and fibroblasts that adheres to the articular cartilage?

pannus

What is the name of the motion described by pointing the toes (as in preshing the pedal while driving a car, or as in performing calf raises)?

plantar flexion.

What is the name of the motion described by pointing the toes (as in pressing the pedal while driving a car, or as in performing calf raises)?

plantar flexion.

Which action turns the palm posteriorly?

pronation

What describes the motion of moving a part of the body forward?

protraction

Rheumatoid arthritis

results in abnormal ossification which can fuse joints.

Movement of a protracted part backward on a plane parallel to the ground is called...

retraction

Which condition or disorder can be described as a form of systemic autoimmune disease that involves chronic inflammation of many different tissues and organs of the body?

rheumatoid arthritis

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

saddle

What is the name given to the plasma membrane of a muscle cell?

sarcolemma

Fluid-filled sacs that help cushion certain joints are the...

spreading the fingers

Which action turns the palm anteriorly?

supination

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis.

The inner lining of the synovial cavity is called the...

synovial membrane

Which of these is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure? A) fat pads B) menisci C) ligaments D) bursae E) synovial membrane

synovial membrane

At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a

tendon

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)

tendon

The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is

the ability to produce large amounts of the muscle proteins needed for muscle contraction.

Which of the following is greater? A) the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle B) the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle

the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle

What is the purpose of the Creatine phosphate cycle?

to act as an energy reserve in muscle tissue.

Which of the following is a protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape and pull another protein away from the receptor sites on the actin?

troponin

True False: The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the femur.

true

True or False: A hunchback appearance of the thoracic region is probably caused by kyphosis.

true

True or False: In terms of structure, synovial joints have a joint capsule.

true

Which of the following movements is a good example of pronation?

turning the hand palm downward

What type of contraction of a single muscle following a single impulse ?

twitch contraction

Which of the following best describes the term Z line?

where thin filaments are anchored