Anatomy and Physiology 1 Final
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
Irregular bone
sacrum
T/F Mixtures are combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds
true
T/F Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them
true
T/F Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually found in areas where secretion and absorption occur
true
T/F Squamous cells are flattened and scale-like when mature
true
T/F Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue
true
T/F The acidity of a solution reflects the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution
true
T/F The atomic weight is an average of the relative weights (mass number) of all the isotopes of an element
true
T/F The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chief difference between mixture and compounds
true
T/F The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration
true
T/F Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance
true
Cardiac muscle
virtually no functional regenerative ability
Skeletal muscle
weak regenerative ability
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)
7
The stomach is (blank) to the spine
Anterior
Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties
Atom
when the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work
Chemical energy
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within
Heterogeneous, will not settle
Colloid
The fingers are (blank) to the wrist
Distal
Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane
Electrical energy
A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure
Hydrogen bond
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved
Ionic bond
The lungs are (blank) to the heart
Lateral
Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle
Mechanical energy
The bridge of the nose is (blank) to the left eye
Medial
A bond in which electrons are shared equally
Non polar covalent bond
Neutral subatomic particle
Nuetron
The upper arm is (blank) to the forearm
Proximal
Energy that travels in waves. part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Radiant energy
Homogeneous, will not settle
Solutions
Will not scatter light
Solutions
Heterogeneous, will settle
Suspension
Which of the following describes the plasma membrane
a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane
any sagittal plane except in the middle
The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as
appositional growth
Peroxisomes
are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action
Place the following in the correct sequence from simplest to most complex molecules atoms tissues cells organs
atoms molecules cells tissues organs
What happens in redox reactions
both decomposition and electron exchange occur
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone
canaliculi
The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are
carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen
Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron
cation
The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a
centriole
The structure of bone tissues suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is dated to support weight and withstands torsion stresses
compact bone
Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress
desmosomes
Type of anchoring junction
desmosomes
At what age do bones reach their peak density
early adulthood
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as
endocrine
The lining of the marrow cavity
endosteum
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be
enhancement of labor contractions
Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes
enzymes work by raising the energy of activation
Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide form the blood. This is an example of
excretion of metabolic waste
T/F Goblet cells are found within pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
false
T/F Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.
false
T/F It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it
false
T/F Triglycerides are a poor source of stored energy
false
T/F covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds
false
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of
fat
Flat bones
frontal bone Ribs
Allows ions and small molecules to pass through from one cell to another
gap junction
Present in electrically excitable tissues
gap junction
Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reactions in the body is much faster than the rest of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life functions will be accomplished?
growth
The thoracic cavity contains the (blank). It is found (blank) to the vertebral cavity
heart and lungs; anterior
Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes
helps in the formation of cell membranes
Long bones
humerus phlageles
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of
hyperextension
Layers of bone matrix
lamella
A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells
lines most of the respiratory tract
Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell
microvilli
Tendons and ligaments
moderate regenerative ability
Smooth muscle
moderates regenerative ability
Which of the following is a function of plasma membrane protein
molecular transport through the membrane
Combination of two or more atoms of the same elements held together by chemical bonds
molecules
Passive membrane transport processes include
movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a
organ
The cells responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the
osteoblast
Cells that can build bony matrix
osteoblasts
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
osteoclasts
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following expect
palms turned posteriorly
Sesamoid bones
platella
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally
polar covalent bond
Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because
positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Areolar connective tissue
regenerates extremely well
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
sagittal
The genetic information is coed in DNA by the
sequence of the nucleotides
Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue
simple columnar
Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs
simple squamous
ATP - ADP + Pi is an example of a (blank) reaction
synthesis
Short bones
tarsal
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with
the release of energy
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth
the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells
tight junction
T/F A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
true
T/F All organic compounds contain carbon
true
T/F Buffers resist abrupt and large chines in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions
true
T/F Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface
true